Question

what works the adivasis did to manage their livelihood?​

Answer 1

The farmed coffee and tea plz mark as brainliest

Answer 2

Answer:

HERE YOU GO

Explanation:

The National Commission for Scheduled Tribes has been quite proactive in the last few months. It has prevailed upon the central government to withdraw orders that it thought “diluted” tribal rights, asked states to return “unfairly acquired tribal lands”, and reminded governors of their powers to protect Adivasis. Speaking to Scroll.in, the commission’s secretary Raghav Chandra explains why Adivasis in several parts of the country are upset with the projects coming up on their land and how the commission has come to play a central role on matters concerning Adivasis. Excerpts:

The root cause of these problems is that adequate diligence has not been exercised at the critical stages of the project development. And the long-term interests of the villagers who are being affected by such projects – have not been credibly assessed, credibly diagnosed and credibly dealt with – let alone resolved. As a result of this, there is a state of distrust. There are empirical evidences on that. Besides the villagers are not suitably trained to be able to address and anticipate what their difficulties, challenges and problems will be in future. The government, on its part, has not adequately thought through various proposals in terms of taking aboard the long-term sustainable interests of the villagers whose land is going to be taken or those who would come into the influence zones of the projects. The industry has also not been sensitized that it would be deleterious to their long-term interests, if there is a backlash or if the people who are staying in that area are going to be adversely affected. A situation has emerged where industry has cut corners, government is fire-fighting and people have suffered.

As government servants, we have all been through this. We tend to treat project clearance as a matter of expediting and easing business and ensuring that the investments come in – into our area. There is a competitive pressure to enhance the speed and volume of investment. The perception is that there is a one-to-one correspondence between investment input and economic outcomes. But what we often overlook is that along with economic development also come environment hazards associated with the projects. Those are often ignored. That is the social cost and that has to be adequately factored in. People affected by projects are most vulnerable to their side effects. Suitable mechanisms should be set up to ensure that they are in a position to think their future through and are involved in every part of the planning process when the land is being acquired. Land is critical for people, especially for the tribes because they are largely dependent on it. Land is the only factor endowment of economic development that they usually have.

The other side of the argument is that we need growth for which investments need to be expedited.

There are studies, and I remember reading an article by Swaminathan Aiyar sometime back, that say people displaced by the Narmada dam have ultimately benefited. But I think such studies are neither comprehensive nor do they reflect the length and breadth of all the projects involving displacement. If you look at displacement, it is like forced migration – 20 years later, some people will get good jobs or get rehabilitated. That is because of innate human resilience and grit. But the pain and the strain they have to go through initially that too needs to be estimated and quantified. Displacement, especially of Adivasis, needs to be tackled right from the beginning, so that when land is acquired for an industrial or irrigation project, it should be a win-win situation for all, and not necessarily a situation where one party is benefitted at the expense of the other.

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