what would be India's position now if British did not invade India.
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Answer:
A fragmented nation
The British rule may have united India, but in their absence, the result is the presence of 60-100 princely states that co-exist as rivals or alliances.
2. Decline of the Mughal Empire
The Mughals survived as a puppet state under the East India Company. However given the circumstances of this story, their power is rapidly declining with weak rulers and the borders of their territories recede towards Delhi and Uttar Pradesh.
3. Presence of other European powers
In the absence of the British and their powerful navy, other European colonial powers enter the waters of Asia. In accordance with actual history, the Portuguese and the French occupy Goa and Pondicherry respectively. With no other worthy opponents, their rivals are the Spanish who occupy the Philippines and the Dutch who have established plantations in Indonesia.
4. Consolidation of British power elsewhere
The British colonies were strong in the Americas, Africa and Australia. With India not being a part of their territory, perhaps they would have put their best interests in these lands and managed to suppress the American Revolution.
5. Slow development of the railways
The British introduced the railways in 1871, but given their absence, the emergence of railways would probably come about much later in the 20th century and would not have covered every part of the country.
6. Wars and rebellions
The popularity of regional languages and differences in religion and caste would spur wars and rebellions in various kingdoms which could probably lead to the reduction of their size. As states continue to fragment further, some of them consider not having monarchies and dictatorships as their form of government.
7. Birth of nationalism
The unification of Germany, Italy and the American Civil War, inspire the educated classes to think along the lines of democracy and nationalism. They want a united India that thrives in diversity but the reality is much different from their ideals.
8. World War II
The arrival of World War II affects India deeply as some battles fought in Asia and Japan pose an imminent threat as their Imperial Army defeats European powers occupying South East Asia.
9. After World War II
We're assuming the war ended as it did in actual history, with the defeat of the Axis. India is divided into two blocks, each with their own political ideologies. The Allies influence peninsular India, while the Soviets set up a Communist government in the north, which borders China and Central Asia.
10. The Cold War
North and South India spend the Cold War hostile to one another due to the differences in their political ideologies. Monarchies no longer exist in the north while the south is a union of democratic states.
12. India today
India would probably be a continent in itself consisting of 30-40 states each aligning its identity to a language or religion. They either have monarchies, parliamentary systems or a presidential system, some being stronger than others. Border security would be tight due to terrorism and revolts by Naxalites.
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