Question

What would be the observations of the alpha scattering experiment gold is replaced by other metals?

Answer 1

Gold was used because it is/was easy to roll into a thin film almost one atom thick. This can be done with other elements but require different processes which are a lot more expensive and time consuming and produce a much more fragile product. Gold was just easier.The difference in results? If such a thin fold could have been produced - then there would have been no difference. Any nucleus is heavy enough to scatter an alpha particle (except maybe hydrogen and helium and good luck making a thin foil out of them)

Also, It can be answered like this:

The scattering angles would have changed, but the qualitative results would also change: the reason Rutherford chose gold was because it is EXTREMELY malleable. One can stretch gold foil until it is only a few atoms thick in places, which is not possible with aluminum. If the foil were too thick, there would be no transmission of particles at all; the whole point was to demonstrate that most alpha particles passed through unchanged, but some of them scattered, which is only possible with a VERY thin foil

Answer 2

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If the α-scattering experiment is carried out using a foil of a metal rather than gold, there would be no change in the observation.

In the α-scattering experiment, a gold foil was taken because gold is malleable and a thin foil of gold can be easily made.

It is difficult to make such foils from other metals.

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