+ What would electron dot structure of calcium chloride
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Answer:
In chemical bonds, atoms can either transfer or share their valence electrons. When electrons
are shared, the bond is called a covalent bond. When electrons are transferred, the bond is
called an ionic bond.
A covalent bond occurs when one or more pairs of valence electrons are shared by two nonmetallic atoms. The atoms that participate in covalent bonding share electrons in a way that
enables them to acquire a stable electronic configuration, or full valence shell. This means that
they acquire the electronic configuration of the noble gas of their row. Obviously, the name of this
rule is a misnomer. Helium, the noble (inert) gas of the first row, has only two electrons.
Hydrogen, the only element in the first row besides Helium, fulfills the octet rule by sharing two
electrons only.
In covalent bonds, the sharing of the electron pair may be equal or unequal. If sharing is unequal,
electrons spend more time around the more nonmetallic atom. These are called polar covalent
bonds. In such a bond, there is a charge separation with one atom being slightly positive and the
other slightly negative.
Thus, the covalent bond in an oxygen molecule, O2 (oxygen gas) is non-polar - electrons are
shared equally. The covalent bond in HCl (hydrogen chloride gas) is polar, with the H being
slightly positive and the Cl slightly negative.
An ionic bond occurs when one or more electrons from one metallic atom are transferred to
another non-metallic atom, resulting in positive and negative ions; these are termed cations and
anions respectively, which attract each other. When this happens, each individual ion achieves a
noble (inert) gas electron configuration. NOTE: All ionic compounds are termed salts, not just
table salt, NaCl.