whawhat were the main causes of French Revolution
Answers
Causes of the French Revolution:
i Social Inequality: French society in the eighteenth century was divided into three estates namely The Clergy, The nobility and third estates. First two estates, that is, the clergy and the nobility enjoyed certain privileges by birth. They were exempt from paying taxes. The Third estate comprises of businessmen, merchants, Peasants and artisans, labours had to pay taxes to the state.
i Political Causes: Long years of war had drained the financial resources of France. France had a debt of more than 2 billion livres. To meet its regular expenses, such as the cost of maintaining an army, the court, running government offices or universities, the state was forced to increase taxes which angered the people.
i Economic Problems: The population of France also increased from 23 million in 1715 to 28 million in 1789. Food grains were now in great demand. The price of bread shot up. Wages did not keep pace with rising prices. This led to subsistence crisis.
i Strong Middle Class: A new middle class emerged educated and wealthy during the eighteenth century. They believed that no group in society should be given privileges by birth. Ideas of equality and freedom were put forward by philosophers. The ideas of these philosophers were discussed intensively in salons and coffee houses and spread among people.
ii Immediate Causes: On 5 may, 1789, Louis XVI called together an assembly of Estates General to pass proposals for new taxes. Third estates protested against this proposal but as each estate have one vote, the king rejected this appeal. They walked out of the assembly.
Answer: The main causes of the french revolution are categorised into three parts.:-
(1) Social and Economic
(2) Intellectual and Literary
(3) Political and individual
Explanation:
● SOCIAL CAUSE :- The France of 17th, 18th century was of social inequality. It was divided into 3 estates.
1.Clergy-. These were popes, Fathers of church.
2.Nobility- These included Feudal lords and the kings were from this estate.
Both these estates enjoyed prestigious position in the society. They hadn't to pay the taxes.
3- Commoners:- These included Peasents and Labourers. They constituted more the 85% of the population of France. They had to pay taxes and were being badly exploited. They on the faith of religion did all the works. But the intellectual awakening through education made them agitated by the policy of monarchy.
● Economic Cause
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Imperialistic policy
Revenue system
Trade failure.
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