when a person is suspected of having leprosy the__from the affected skin__and__is collected (fill in the blanks)health Education
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Answer:
Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by a bacillus, Mycobacterium leprae.
M. leprae multiplies slowly and the incubation period of the disease, on average, is 5 years.
Symptoms may occur within 1 year but can also take as long as 20 years or even more to occur.
The disease mainly affects the skin, the peripheral nerves, mucosa of the upper respiratory tract, and the eyes.
Leprosy is curable with multidrug therapy (MDT).
Leprosy is likely transmitted via droplets, from the nose and mouth, during close and frequent contact with untreated cases.
Untreated, leprosy can cause progressive and permanent damage to the skin, nerves, limbs, and eyes.
There were 208 619 new leprosy cases registered globally in 2018, according to official figures from 159 countries from the 6 WHO Regions.
Based on 184 212 cases at the end of 2018, prevalence rate corresponds to 0.2/10 000.
Introduction
Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, an acid-fast, rod-shaped bacillus. The disease mainly affects the skin, the peripheral nerves, mucosa of the upper respiratory tract, and the eyes. Leprosy is curable and treatment in the early stages can prevent disability.
Brief history of the disease and treatment
Leprosy is an age-old disease, described in the literature of ancient civilizations. Throughout history, people afflicted have often been ostracized by their communities and families.
Although leprosy was managed differently in the past, the first breakthrough occurred in the 1940s with the development of the medicine dapsone. The duration of treatment lasted many years, often a lifetime, making compliance difficult. In the 1960s, M. leprae started to develop resistance to dapsone, the only known anti-leprosy medicine at that time. In the early 1960s, rifampicin and clofazimine were discovered and subsequently added to the treatment regimen, which was later labelled as multidrug therapy (MDT).
In 1981, WHO recommended MDT. The currently recommended MDT regimen consists of medicines: dapsone, rifampicin and clofazimine. This treatment lasts for six months for pauci-bacillary and 12 months for multi-bacillary cases. MDT kills the pathogen and cures the patient.
Pillar I: Strengthen government ownership, coordination and partnership
Key interventions
Ensuring political commitment and adequate resources for leprosy programmes.
Contributing to universal health coverage with a special focus on children, women and underserved populations including migrants and displaced people.
Promoting partnerships with state and non-state actors and promoting intersectoral collaboration and partnerships at the international and national levels.
Facilitating and conducting basic and operational research in all aspects of leprosy and maximize the evidence base to inform policies, strategies and activities.
Strengthening surveillance and health information systems for programme monitoring and evaluation (including geographical information systems).
Pillar II: Stop leprosy and its complications
Key interventions
Strengthening patient and community awareness of leprosy.
Promoting early case detection through active case-finding (e.g. campaigns) in areas of higher endemicity and contact management.
Ensuring prompt start of, and adherence to treatment, including working towards improved treatment regimens.
Improving prevention and management of disabilities.
Strengthening surveillance for antimicrobial resistance including laboratory network.
Promoting innovative approaches for training, referrals, and sustaining expertise in leprosy, such as e-health.
Promoting interventions for the prevention of infection and disease.
Pillar III: Stop discrimination and promote inclusion
Key interventions
Promoting societal inclusion by addressing all forms of discrimination and stigma.
Empowering persons affected by leprosy and strengthening their capacity to participate actively in leprosy services.
Involving communities in actions for improvement of leprosy services
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