when an electric dis charge was passed all the gasses are the same negative particles is respective of nature of the gas who discovered this
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Joseph John Thomson (J. J. Thomson, 1856-1940; see photo at American Institute of Physics) is widely recognized as the discoverer of the electron. Thomson was the Cavendish professor of Experimental Physics at Cambridge University and director of its Cavendish Laboratory from 1884 until 1919. For much of his career, Thomson worked on various aspects of the conduction of electricity through gases. In 1897 he reported that "cathode rays" were actually negatively charged particles in motion; he argued that the charged particles weighed much less than the lightest atom and were in fact constituents of atoms [Thomson 1897a, 1897b]. In 1899, he measured the charge of the particles, and speculated on how they were assembled into atoms [Thomson 1899]. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for physics in 1906 for this work, and in 1908 he was knighted. His Nobel lecture is reproduced below.
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