Question

When and by whom was it overthrown ?​

Answer 1

Answer:

In 1799, the Directory was overthrown in a military coup led by Napoleon Bonaparte, who wielded dictatorial powers in France as first consul and, after 1804, as French emperor.

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Answer 2

Answer:

Napoleon Bonaparte, who exercised dictatorial authority in France as first consul and, after 1804, as French emperor, overthrew the Directory in a military coup in 1799.

Explanation :

The Directory and Napoleon's Entrance:

• A new constitution was drafted by the Convention, which established the Directory and a bicameral legislature.
• Following the use of force to quell the Vendémiaire royalist uprising in October 1795, the constitution became operative. Corruption, financial hardships, political purges, and a disastrous reliance on the army to uphold power characterised the administration of the Directory.
• Conflict amongst the five directors resulted in 18 Fructidor's takeover (Sept. 4, 1797).
• Military setbacks heightened discontent with the Directory government.
• Napoleon Bonaparte, the hero of the Italian campaign, returned from his Egyptian expedition in 1799, and on 18 Brumaire (Nov. 9) he destroyed the Directory and founded the Consulate with the help of the army and a number of government officials.
• Napoleon (see Napoleon I) controlled France from 1804 to the Restoration of the Bourbons (1814).

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