Question

when did the civil disobedience movement start how did the government supress it

Answer 1

i would characterize civil disobedience as a tactic rather than a movement. It involves intentionally violating laws with the objective of disrupting standard operations to either bring economic harm to a target or attract media attention to an issue (or often both). Famous examples of civil disobedience include the Boston area Party (destruction of private property to protest taxation), Rosa Parks refusing to move to the back of the bus in Montgomery (disobey segregation laws to draw public attention to them), and the recent encampment in front of the Chicago Police Department (unlawful occupation of public space to draw attention to abuse of power). These three examples of civil disobedience come from three different social/political movements but share the common characteristic of violating laws to disrupt business as usual and/or draw attention to an issue the participants wish to change.

The history of civil disobedience goes back millennia, as the earliest documented strike was in 1170 BCE during the construction of a pyramid in Egypt. Given that this was a project sponsored by the state, it's fair to classify this as civil disobedience. It's hard to imagine that this was the first example, but it is the earliest documented labor strike. Martin Luther nailing the Ninety-Five Theses to the door of All Saints Church in Wittenberg is a more famous historical example of civil disobedience.  

In the United States, Henry David Thoreau published an essay On Civil Disobedience in 1848 that justified the violation of laws deemed unethical, particularly in protest of slavery and the Mexican-American War. Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Wrote and spoke extensively on the use of civil disobedience during the American Civil Rights Movement, as well as various figures like Mario Savio and Tom Hayden in the student movements that followed.