When did the Delhi Sultans required the recommendation of Caliph ???
Answers
Answer: hello dude here is the ans
during iltumish's region
Explanation:
Caliphate' was the religious and political institution which played an important role in Islamic history. During the Abbasid Caliphate, the Muslim civilisation reached its height. However, as there is always a rise and a fall of an empire, the same was the case of the Abbasid Caliphate — it also declined in the 9th century.
Taking advantage of its weakness, provincial governors became independent and adopted the title of 'Sultan'. As a result of it, there emerged in the eastern part of the Caliphate, which was Central Asia, a political institution known as 'Sultanate'. These two institutions divided the Muslim world in different political units.
However, their independent rulers recognised the caliph as their spiritual and political sovereign. To show their allegiance to him, his name was recited in the khutbah and his name was also inscribed on coins. It was the tradition that every sultan, after his accession to the throne, used to get a certificate of recognition from the caliph.
In theory, the caliph was the supreme leader and the sultan was his deputy, though, in practice, the caliph was too weak to assert his authority; therefore, he, after getting some costly presents, accepted those who possessed power and assumed independence in his territories. Mahmud of Ghazni, who was a powerful ruler, declared his allegiance to the caliph in order to legitimise his rule. It was followed by other rulers later on.
When the Turks established their kingdom in India, the first ruler who sought the recognition of the caliph was Iltitmush (1221-1226). He also requested the caliph of that time to issue the certificate recognising him as the ruler of India, although most of the rulers of the Delhi Sultanate did not seek recognition from the caliph as they were stable and facing no rebellion against them. However, rulers facing political crisis, sought the certificate of recognition from the caliph in order to satisfy their Muslim subjects.
For instance, when Muhammad Tughluq (1325-1335) faced rebellions against him from all sides, he requested the caliph to issue him the certificate of recognition to possibly stabilise his position in the eyes of his Muslim subjects.
Ziauddin Barani in Tarikh-i-Firuzshahi writes about the delegation which brought recognition certificate from the caliph, that when Haji Said Saesae, the ambassador of the caliph came from Egypt to Delhi, he brought for the sultan the certificate, banner and robe of honour. The sultan welcomed the ambassador along with high ranking nobles, ulema, sufi saints and government officials and he himself walked bare-footed to receive them. It was Friday, when the name of the caliph was announced in the khutbah, trays full of tankas (name of coin) were distributed among the crowed.
Firuz Shah Tughluq (1351-1388) also sent an embassy for the recognition. The purpose of the recognition was to legalise his rule in order to convince Muslims that as he were accepted by the caliph, they should also obey his supremacy.
In 1258, Hulagu Khan, the Mongol leader, occupied Baghdad and assassinated the caliph, ending the Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad. However, a member of the caliph's family fled to Egypt and declared himself as the caliph. The last two sultans got their recognition from him.
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Answer
Caliphate' was the religious and political institution which played an important role in Islamic history. During the Abbasid Caliphate, the Muslim civilisation reached its height. However, as there is always a rise and a fall of an empire, the same was the case of the Abbasid Caliphate — it also declined in the 9th century.
Taking advantage of its weakness, provincial governors became independent and adopted the title of 'Sultan'. As a result of it, there emerged in the eastern part of the Caliphate, which was Central Asia, a political institution known as 'Sultanate'. These two institutions divided the Muslim world in different political units.
However, their independent rulers recognised the caliph as their spiritual and political sovereign. To show their allegiance to him, his name was recited in the khutbah and his name was also inscribed on coins. It was the tradition that every sultan, after his accession to the throne, used to get a certificate of recognition from the caliph.