Question

when electric current is passed through a conductor how is heat energy produced

Answer 1

$\huge \bf{hey}$
$\huge \bf{here \: is \: the \: answer}$
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$\bf{heating \: effect \: of \: electric \: current}$


we know that a metallic conductor contains large number of free electrons. these electrons move randomly in a conductor . when the conductor is connected to the source of electricity like a dry cell, the free electrons begin to drift from negative terminal to the positive terminal of the cell through the conductor. but the motion of the free electrons in the conductor is not smooth. they collide with the atoms or ions of the conductor . as the result of these collisions the kinetic energy of the atoms is transferred to the atoms or ions of the conductor.so the atoms or ions vibrate with large amplitudes about their mean positions.
hence , the average kinetic energy or total energy of ions increases .
$\bf{the \: increase \: in \: the \: energy \: of \: ions \: the \: increase \: in \: temperature}$
hence, the heat is produced.

$\huge \underline{hope \: it \: helps}$
$\huge \color{blue}{thanks}$