Question

When scientists refer to the DNA from RNA to proteins pathway, the RNA part really represents three different types of RNA: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). How is each type of RNA important to protein production?

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Answer 1

Answer:

MRNA is transcribed from DNA and carries information needed for protein synthesis. During the translation phase of protein synthesis, the tRNA carry specific amino acids the the ribosome, and rRNA plays a role in the synthesis of the ribosome which is the site of translation phase of protein synthesis.

Answer 2

The three types of RNA are important to protein production as they are involved in the translational process.

• The central dogma of life involves replication, transcription and translation.
• Replication is a process by which the parent DNA replicates a new copy to form the daughter DNA.
• The transcription in simple terms involves DNA converting to RNA or mRNA.
• The translation in simple terms involves RNA converting to proteins.
• During translation, the first type of RNA which is mRNA or messenger RNA transfers information from DNA to the cell machinery to prepare or produce proteins.
• mRNA is translated by ribosomes that results in the production of functional proteins.
• In order to obtain functional proteins, there is the requirement of an additional two RNAs that are rRNA and tRNA.
• rRNA is the core protein that is found in the ribosomes( rRNA + proteins), as explained in previous points, ribosomes translate mRNA to result in the production of protein.
• tRNA or transfer RNA, as the name suggests carries or transfers amino acids( building blocks of protein) to form a long chain of protein.
• In summary, when the three different RNAs function together, it will result in the production of functional proteins.
• Mutation in any of the RNAs will result in the abnormal formation of proteins.