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Answers
Explanation:
Matter In Our Surroundings
Change of States of Matter
Matters can be changed from one state to another state. A solid can be changed into liquid and a liquid can be changed into gas. Most of the metals, which are solid, turn into liquid on heating and turn into vapor on further heating.
The change of state of matters depends upon mainly two factors:
Temperature
Pressure
Effect of temperature on states of matter:
Solids change into liquid with increase in temperature. (Solid → Liquid)
A liquid changes into gas by increase in temperature. (Liquid → Gas)
Gas changes into liquid by decrease in temperature. (Gas → Liquid)
liquid changes into solid by decrease in temperature. (Liquid → Solid)
Example: Ice is solid, water is liquid and vapour is gas.
On increase in temperature ice changes into water. On further increase in temperature water changes into vapor.
Ice → Water → Vapour
On decrease in temperature vapor changes into water. On further decrease in temperature water changes into ice.
Vapour → Water → Ice
On heating the particles of a solid get more kinetic energy and they start moving rapidly. On the other hand heating increases the space between the particles. When the kinetic energy of particles and space between them become similar to the liquid, the matter fulfills the condition of arrangement of particles. In this condition a solid changes into liquid.
On heating the particles of a liquid gets more kinetic energy and they start moving more rapidly. The increase in temperature increases the kinetic energy of particles and inter-space between them increases. The increase in kinetic energy and space between the particles the force of attraction between particles decreases. When the kinetic energy of particles of liquid and space between the particles increases and force of attraction between them decreases enough, the particles of liquid start moving with great speed. In this condition the particles of liquid attain the arrangement similar to gas and liquid changes into gas.
Water (a liquid) changes into ice (a solid) at 00C. Water changes into vapour (a gas) at 1000C.
The change of solid to liquid is called melting. The change of liquid to gas is called the vaporization. This happens because of increase in temperature.
The change of gas into liquid is called condensation. The change of liquid into solid is called freezing. These takes place because of decrease in temperature.
Effect of pressure:
Solid: There is no effect of pressure on solids.
Solids are non compressible, i.e. solids cannot be compressed as there is no space between their particles which could allow compression.
When the pressure is increased on a solid, it is deformed and finally broken.
Liquid: There is no effect on pressure on liquid.
Liquids are non compressible, i.e. liquids cannot be compressed since there is not enough space between their particles to get compressed.
Gas: The volume of gas decreases with increase in pressure.
Since there is lot of space between the particles, gas is highly compressible. Large volume of gas can be compressed to a small volume. Because of this nature high compressibility, gas is transported easily after compressed to a small volume in cylinders.
Natural gas is compressed to small volume and packed in cylinders. It is used widely as fuel to running vehicles. Because of compression it is called Compressed Natural Gas or simply known by CNG (Compressed Natural Gas).
Oxygen is compressed and packed in small cylinders, which is used to save life in hospitals.
On increasing more pressure gas turns into liquid.
The liquefaction of gas by increasing of pressure:
In general condition, the particles of gas are far from each other. They move independently and rapidly in all directions. There is lot of space between the particles of gas. The force of attraction is negligible between the particles of gas. Because of these characters gas can be compressed a lot.
When pressure is
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