when something burns why and how does it produce heat and light
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The heat released in burning comes from both the burning substance and oxygen.
Burning is oxidation by atmospheric oxygen. During oxidation substances form thermodynamically more stable oxides by shedding certain amount of chemical energy. For instance, when sulphur is burned in air, the following reaction takes place.
S + O2 = SO2 + heat
The heat released in the above reaction is the excess heat content (enthalpy) which both sulphur and oxygen possess in the form of chemical bonds over that of sulphur dioxide. Since SO2 has lower heat content than that of both sulphur and oxygen taken together, the excess energy gets released during its formation by chemical combination.
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