Question

when the man started looking for new options of getting food, they observed to which process?​

Answer 1

Answer:

don't know dear.sorry.

Answer 2

Through cultural innovation and changes in habitat and ecology, there have been a number of major dietary shifts in human evolution, including meat eating, cooking, and those associated with plant and animal domestication. The identification of signatures of adaptations to such dietary changes in the genome of extant primates (including humans) may shed light not only on the evolutionary history of our species, but also on the mechanisms that underlie common metabolic diseases in modern human populations. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the major dietary shifts that occurred during hominin evolution, and we discuss the methods and approaches used to identify signals of natural selection in patterns of sequence variation. We then review the results of studies aimed at detecting the genetic loci that played a major role in dietary adaptations and conclude by outlining the potential of future studies in this area.

Keywords: natural selection, human evolution, evolutionary genetics, dietary shift, agriculture

INTRODUCTION

The evolutionary history of hominins has been characterized by significant dietary changes, which include the introduction of meat eating, cooking, and the changes associated with plant and animal domestication. Decades of anthropological research have been devoted to elucidating this dietary history, in part because these shifts were likely associated with major anatomical and cultural changes (e.g., the increase in relative brain size and the advent of modern civilization via agriculture). However, this reconstruction is also crucial for understanding the evolutionary context of our modern diets and the diseases often associated with them.

In parallel with the historical reconstruction of hominin diets, molecular evolutionary analyses have been used to interrogate the genome for signals of genetic adaptations to different dietary regimes. A major advantage of many evolutionary genetic approaches is that they do not necessarily require strong assumptions about the specific genes and alleles that were targets of diet-related selective pressures. For this reason, evolutionary genetic analyses have the potential not only to inform existing adaptive hypotheses of hominin dietary history, but also to help generate new ones.