When you send an email from your computer and your friend receive it. Explain how each layer of TCP/IP work during the communication process. Elaborate this whole process in steps.
Answers
Explanation:
communicate ideas from one person to another, it is easy to see why most computers can be viewed as communications devices.
The positive impact of computer communications increases with the number and type of computers that participate in the network. One of the great benefits of TCP/IP is that it provides interoperable communications between all types of hardware and all kinds of operating systems.
The name “TCP/IP” refers to an entire suite of data communications protocols. The suite gets its name from two of the protocols that belong to it: the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP). TCP/IP is the traditional name for this protocol suite and it is the name used in this book. The TCP/IP protocol suite is also called the Internet Protocol Suite (IPS). Both names are acceptable.
The first part of this book discusses the basics of TCP/IP and how it moves data across a network. The second part explains how to configure and run TCP/IP on a Unix system. Let’s start with a little history.
TCP/IP and the Internet
In 1969 the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) funded a research and development project to create an experimental packet-switching network. This network, called the ARPAnet, was built to study techniques for providing robust, reliable, vendor-independent data communications. Many techniques of modern data communications were developed in the ARPAnet..
Internet Standard
A specification is declared a standard only after extensive testing and only if the protocol defined in the specification is considered to be of significant benefit to the Internet community.
There are two categories of standards. A Technical Specification (TS) defines a protocol. An Applicability Statement (AS) defines when the protocol is to be used. There are three requirement levels that define the applicability of a standard:
Required
This standard protocol is a required part of every TCP/IP implementation. It must be included for the TCP/IP stack to be compliant.
Recommended
This standard protocol should be included in every TCP/IP implementation, although it is not required for minimal compliance.
Elective
This standard is optional. It is up to the software vendor to implement it or not.
Two other requirements levels (limited use and not recommended) apply to RFCs that are not part of the standards track. A "limited use” protocol is used only in special circumstances, such as during an experiment. A protocol is "not recommended " when it has limited functionality or is outdated. There are three types of non-standards track RFCs
An architectural model developed by the International Standards Organization (ISO) is frequently used to describe the structure and function of data communications protocols. This architectural model, which is called the Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) Reference Model, provides a common reference for discussing communications. The terms defined by this model are well understood and widely used in the data communications community—so widely used, in fact, that it is difficult to discuss data communications without using OSI’s terminology.
Answer:
TCP/IP uses the client-server model of commiunicartion which a usee or machine (a client) is provided a service ( like sending a web page) by another computer ( a server) in the network.
Explanation:
Collectively, the ICP/IP suite of protocols us classified as stateless, which means each client eequest is considered new because it is unrelates to previous request. Being stateless frees up network paths si they can be uses continously.
The transport layer itself, however is stateful. It transmits a single message, and its connection remains in place until all the packets in a message have been received ans reassembled at the destination.
The ICP/IP model differs slightly from the seven-layer OPS system.
I hope this helps