Where and why green revolution started in India? What methods are used? Explain
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India had seen one of the worst food disaster in 1943, that was known as Bengal Famine. Almost four million people died of hunger in eastern India alone (including today's Bangladesh). After Independence also, India continued to be haunted by the memories of Bengal Famine and face the challenges of food insufficiency time to time. These past experiences and repeated challenges of food insufficiency became the main motivation for Green Revolution in India.
Green Revolution in India:
It started mainly in early 1960s, that revolutionized the very traditional idea of food production by introduction of new techniques of agriculture and thus giving a big boost to the productivity level.
The main focus was given on use of High Yielding Variety(HYV) seeds developed by the US agro-scientist Norman Borlaug. These seeds were developed with the help of repeated mutations, that made the plant dwarf and the grain heavier, resulting into high yield. Apart from that, use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, germicides, Herbicides and Weedicides were highly encouraged. Irrigation and storage infrastructure were planned to develop to ensure better outcome.
But Green Revolution in India had positive as well as negative impact.
Positive impact:Food production (specially wheat in 1960s and rice in 1970s) increased in such a way that India became self sufficient.Increased demand of fertilizers, pesticides, germicides etc. boosted the growth of local manufacturing sector.India transformed itself from a starving nation to an exporter of food.Negative impact:Due to repetitive kind of cropping pattern, soil fertility started degrading year by year.As HYV seed required huge amount of water for irrigation, water table started falling down.Excessive and uncontrolled use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides degraded the environment by increasing pollution levels in land, water and air.Toxic level in the food chain has increased to such a high level that nothing produced is fit for human consumption.
These negative impact of green revolution forced to initiate a new eco-friendly revolution in agriculture sector that is known as Second Green Revolution.
Second Green Revolution
It was suggested as an idea of sustainable agriculture in mid-1990s by the agro-scientists as the ongoing green Revolution was not based on sustainable agricultural practices.
It included replacing chemical fertilizers by bio-fertilizers, using bio-pesticides, conserving water, adopting balanced cropping pattern and proper crop combinations etc.
Former Indian President, Dr. Kalam also suggested for the same and he has given much wider meaning to it by adding crop management, cost reduction, value addition, processing and marketing other than the green farming.
In January 2004, the Government of India announced an agricultural programme that was officially named as the Second Green Revolution.
The current Indian government is also working on the same ideas of Second Green Revolution by promoting eco-friendly green and organic farming, providing Soil Health Card and Crop Insurance Policy to farmers, giving compensation in case of crop damage etc.
Green Revolution in India:
It started mainly in early 1960s, that revolutionized the very traditional idea of food production by introduction of new techniques of agriculture and thus giving a big boost to the productivity level.
The main focus was given on use of High Yielding Variety(HYV) seeds developed by the US agro-scientist Norman Borlaug. These seeds were developed with the help of repeated mutations, that made the plant dwarf and the grain heavier, resulting into high yield. Apart from that, use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, germicides, Herbicides and Weedicides were highly encouraged. Irrigation and storage infrastructure were planned to develop to ensure better outcome.
But Green Revolution in India had positive as well as negative impact.
Positive impact:Food production (specially wheat in 1960s and rice in 1970s) increased in such a way that India became self sufficient.Increased demand of fertilizers, pesticides, germicides etc. boosted the growth of local manufacturing sector.India transformed itself from a starving nation to an exporter of food.Negative impact:Due to repetitive kind of cropping pattern, soil fertility started degrading year by year.As HYV seed required huge amount of water for irrigation, water table started falling down.Excessive and uncontrolled use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides degraded the environment by increasing pollution levels in land, water and air.Toxic level in the food chain has increased to such a high level that nothing produced is fit for human consumption.
These negative impact of green revolution forced to initiate a new eco-friendly revolution in agriculture sector that is known as Second Green Revolution.
Second Green Revolution
It was suggested as an idea of sustainable agriculture in mid-1990s by the agro-scientists as the ongoing green Revolution was not based on sustainable agricultural practices.
It included replacing chemical fertilizers by bio-fertilizers, using bio-pesticides, conserving water, adopting balanced cropping pattern and proper crop combinations etc.
Former Indian President, Dr. Kalam also suggested for the same and he has given much wider meaning to it by adding crop management, cost reduction, value addition, processing and marketing other than the green farming.
In January 2004, the Government of India announced an agricultural programme that was officially named as the Second Green Revolution.
The current Indian government is also working on the same ideas of Second Green Revolution by promoting eco-friendly green and organic farming, providing Soil Health Card and Crop Insurance Policy to farmers, giving compensation in case of crop damage etc.
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Green revolution in India and methods that were used.
Explanation:
- The green revolution is also called as the agricultural revolution and is the adoption of the modern methods and technology as the HYV seeds and tractors and irrigation facilities and fertilizers and pesticides.
- This endeavor was initiated by the Norman.B and came in to effect in India in 1965 under the leadership of Lal Bahadur Shastri to increase the supply of the food resources in Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh.
- The technology was used to increase the production of the wheat and rice crops in order to make the country self-reliant. The method includes use if the irrigation system i.e sprinklers and dip, use of pesticides or synthetic fertilizers and consolidation of the lands, use of the IR-8 variety of rice.
- The state of Punjab and Uttar Pradesh were chosen as they had a fertile and good quality of the soil.
Learn more about the why, where the green revolution started in India? What methods are used.
- brainly.in/question/4386502 answered by Raihansb2003.
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