Question

where does the decay of proton to neutron takes place? and why?​

Answer 1

In the process of electron capture, a proton absorbs an electron and changes to a neutron. The rest mass of a neutron is greater than the rest mass of an electron and a proton combined.

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Answer 2

A free proton is lighter than a free neutron, so a free proton cannot transform into a free neutron. For this to happen difference in masses in energy needs to be supplied. Therefore, whereas a free neutron can decay to a free proton, an electron and an anti-neutrino, a free proton cannot transmute into a free neutron, a positron and a neutrino.

But a bound proton within the nucleus cantransmute and does transmute into a bound neutron, emitting a positron and a neutrino in the process. The difference in the masses of the neutron and proton and the kinetic energy of the emitted particles comes from the differences in the binding energies of the parent nucleus and the daughter nucleus. The binding energy per nucleon in the daughter nucleus is more compared to the binding energy per nucleon of the parent nucleus. Remember ß decay is a transition between isobars, and the difference in binding energies supplies the energy needed for the decay to happen.

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