which are the 3 layers of our earth ??
Answers
Answer:
The earth is made up of three different layers: the crust, the mantle and the core.
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Answer:
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Explanation:
The Earth's Structure
The earth is made up of three different layers: the crust, the mantle and the core.
Layers based on the chemical composition
During Earth’s early formation, the planet underwent a period of differentiation that allowed the heaviest elements to sink to the centre and lighter ones to rise to the surface. Earth’s internal layering can be defined by this resulting chemical composition. The three main layers of Earth include the crust (1 per cent of Earth’s volume), the mantle (84 per cent), and the core (inner and outer combined, 15 per cent). [1]
Crust
The solid crust is the outermost and thinnest layer of our planet. The crust averages 25 miles (40 kilometres in thickness and is divided into fifteen major tectonic plates that are rigid in the centre and have geologic activity at the boundaries, such as earthquakes and volcanism.
The most abundant elements in the Earth’s crust include (listed here by weight per cent) oxygen, silicon, aluminium, iron, and calcium. These elements combine to form the most abundant minerals in the Earth’s crust, members of the silicate family – plagioclase and alkali feldspars, quartz, pyroxenes, amphiboles, micas, and clay minerals.
All three rock types (igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic) can be found in Earth’s crust. Crustal material is classified as an oceanic crust or continental crust. Oceanic crust underlies our ocean basins, is thin, approximately 4 miles (7 kilometres) in thickness, and is composed of dense rocks, primarily the igneous rock basalt. Continental crust is thicker, ranging from 6 to 47 miles (10 to 75 kilometres), and has a high abundance of the less dense igneous rock granite. The oldest rocks on our planet are part of the continental crust and date back approximately 4 billion years in age. Ocean crust is constantly recycled through our planet’s system of plate tectonics and only dates back to approximately 200 million years ago.
The Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) has drilled deep into the ocean crust (4,644 feet below the seafloor) but has not yet broken through to the next layer, the mantle. [2] The boundary between the crust and underlying mantle is termed the Mohorovicic discontinuity, often referred to as the Moho.
Mantle
Mantle material is hot (932 to 1,652 degrees Fahrenheit, 500 to 900 degrees Celsius) and dense and moves as a semi-solid rock. The mantle is 1,802 miles (2,900 km) thick and is composed of silicate minerals that are similar to ones found in the crust, except with more magnesium and iron and less silicon and aluminium.
The base of the mantle, at the boundary with the outer core, is termed the Gutenberg discontinuity. It is at this depth (1,802 miles, 2,900 km) where secondary earthquake waves, or S waves, disappear, as S waves cannot travel through liquid.
Scientists are utilizing seismic tomography to construct 3-dimensional images of the mantle, but there are still limitations with the technology to fully map the Earth's interior. [3]
Outer Core
The outer core is composed mostly of iron and nickel, with these metals found in liquid form. The outer core reaches between 7,200 and 9,000 degrees Fahrenheit (4,000 and 5,000 degrees Celsius) and is estimated to be 1,430 miles (2,300 km) thick. It is the movement of the liquid within the outer core that generates Earth’s magnetic field.
Inner Core
The inner core is the hottest part of our planet, at temperatures between 9,000 and 13,000 degrees Fahrenheit (5,000 and 7,000 degrees Celsius). This solid layer is smaller than our Moon at 750 miles (1,200 km) thick and is composed mostly of iron. The iron is under so much pressure from the overlying planet that it cannot melt and stays in a solid-state.
The solid inner core is believed to have formed relatively recently, around half a billion years ago. [4] In February 2015, scientists reported in the journal Nature Geoscience their discovery that the inner core may in fact be two distinct cores with complex structural properties, where iron crystals in the outer layer of the inner core are oriented north-south, and iron crystals in the inner-inner core are aligned east-west. [5] This new discovery may help scientists learn more about the history and formation of planet Earth. PLEASE MARK AS BRAINLIEST IT'S A VERY HUMBLE REQUEST. ( only if you truly loved my answer ok or else it's absolutely fine no probs)