Which are the different types of soils in India? Explain each of them [location, formation, characteristics]
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The different types of soil in India are-
1) Alluvial Soil
Found in northern plains, very fertile, rich in nutrients, made up of various compositions of silt sand and clay.
2) Black Soil
Found in the Deccan trap, in states of Gujarat, Maharashtra. It is good for growing cotton, formed due to lava flows. Develops cracks in summer which helps aerate the soil. Sticky when wet.
(3) Red and Yellow Soil
Formed due to the diffusion of iron into the soil. Appears yellow when hydrated. Found in the peninsular region near Karnataka.
(4) Arid Soil-
Found in the desert region of Rajasthan and Gujarat. May appear yellow red or brown. Lower layers have kanker nodules due to increasing calcium content.
(5) Laterite-
It is poor in humus and organic contents as it is present in hot climate which kills microbes. Formed due to excessive leaching. It is cultivable after using manure and other inputs. Found in Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.
(6) Forest Soil-
It is found in mountainous regions of Himachal, Uttarakhand. In snow capped regions it is acidic.
1) Alluvial Soil
Found in northern plains, very fertile, rich in nutrients, made up of various compositions of silt sand and clay.
2) Black Soil
Found in the Deccan trap, in states of Gujarat, Maharashtra. It is good for growing cotton, formed due to lava flows. Develops cracks in summer which helps aerate the soil. Sticky when wet.
(3) Red and Yellow Soil
Formed due to the diffusion of iron into the soil. Appears yellow when hydrated. Found in the peninsular region near Karnataka.
(4) Arid Soil-
Found in the desert region of Rajasthan and Gujarat. May appear yellow red or brown. Lower layers have kanker nodules due to increasing calcium content.
(5) Laterite-
It is poor in humus and organic contents as it is present in hot climate which kills microbes. Formed due to excessive leaching. It is cultivable after using manure and other inputs. Found in Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.
(6) Forest Soil-
It is found in mountainous regions of Himachal, Uttarakhand. In snow capped regions it is acidic.
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