Which are the following are not the features of the Indian federation
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features of the Indian polity
The nature of the polity can be understood by examining citizenship, public services, judicial system, emergency provisions, the position of union control in normal times etc.
1) Citizenship: The constitution of India introduced single citizenship like Canada, but there is no separate citizenship of States. All citizens enjoy same rights all over the country irrespective of their birth or place of residence. The other federal states like US, Switzerland and Australia have a dual citizenship i.e national as well as state citizenship.
2) Public Services: In US, federal government and state governments have their own public services. But there is no such division amongst the public officials in India. The majority of the public servants are employed by the states but they administer both the union and State laws which are applicable to their respective States. Our constitution provides for creation of all India services ( IAS, IPS and IFS) which are common to both the union and the states. The members of these services are appointed and trained by the union and their services are intended for both union and State governments. However, they are under the overall supervision and control of union government which infringes on the federal nature of the polity.
The nature of the polity can be understood by examining citizenship, public services, judicial system, emergency provisions, the position of union control in normal times etc.
1) Citizenship: The constitution of India introduced single citizenship like Canada, but there is no separate citizenship of States. All citizens enjoy same rights all over the country irrespective of their birth or place of residence. The other federal states like US, Switzerland and Australia have a dual citizenship i.e national as well as state citizenship.
2) Public Services: In US, federal government and state governments have their own public services. But there is no such division amongst the public officials in India. The majority of the public servants are employed by the states but they administer both the union and State laws which are applicable to their respective States. Our constitution provides for creation of all India services ( IAS, IPS and IFS) which are common to both the union and the states. The members of these services are appointed and trained by the union and their services are intended for both union and State governments. However, they are under the overall supervision and control of union government which infringes on the federal nature of the polity.
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