which are the key characters used in the classification of fungi?(proposed by alexopoulos and mims)
Answers
Explanation:
Fungi are eukaryotic, non-vascular, non-motile and heterotrophic organisms. They may be unicellular or filamentous. They reproduce by means of spores. Fungi exhibit the phenomenon of alternation of generation.
Answer:
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Alexopolous and Mims proposed fungal classification in 1979. They place the fungi including the slime molds in the kingdom mycetae of the super kingdom Eukaryota which, in addition, includes four other kingdoms.
They divide the kingdom mycetae into three divisions namely:
Gymnomycota:
It includes phagotrophic organism devoid of cell walls.
This division comprises two subdivisions.
These are Acrasiogymnomycotina and Plasmodiogynomycotina
Subdivision 1. Acrasiogymnomycotina
It includes a single class Acrasiomycetes.
Class 1. Acrasiomycetes
Lacks flagellated cells except for one species. The class comprises two subclasses.
Acrasiomycetidae and Dictyosteliomycetidae.
Subdivision 2. Plasmodiogymnomycotina
It is divided into two classes:
Class 1 Protosteliomycetes
Class 2 Mycomycetes
It includes the true slime mold and comprises three sub class namely:
Sub class 1. Ceratiomyxomycomycetidae
Order – Ceratiomyxales
Sub Class 2. Mycogasteomycetidae
It comprise four orders.
Order
Liceales
Echinosteleales
Trichlales
Physarales
Sub Class 3. Stemonitomycetidae
Order 1. Stemonitales
Mastigomycota:
Includes fungi with absorptive nutrition, unicellular or filamentous, mycelium coemocytic.
It comprises two sub divisions:
Sub division 1 Haplomastigomycotina
Includes fungi with uni-or, bi-flagellate zoospores.
Class 1 Chytridiomycetes– Fungi producing zoospores furnished with a single whiplash flagellum inserted at the posterior end.
Class 2 Hyphochytridiomycetes- Motile cells with a single tinsel flagellum inserted at the anterior end.
Class 3 Plasmodiophoromycetes- Parasitic fungi producing biflagellate motile cells with both the flagella of whiplash type inserted at the anterior end.
Sub division 2. Diplomastigomycotima Sexual reproduction ooagamous, zoospores biflagellate.
Class 1 Oomycetes
It comprises four orders:
Order 1 Lagenidiales
Order 2 Saprolegnailes
Order 3. Leptomitales
Order 4. Peronosporales
Amastigomycota:
Fungi with absorptive nutrition, motile cells lacking, mycelium aseptate or septate.
This includes four sub divisions:
Sub division 1 Zygomycotina
Class 1 Zygomycetes – it includes six orders.
Class 2 Trichomycetes – it comprises five orders.
Sub division 2 Ascomycotina
Fungi usually with a septate mycelium producing haploid ascospores in sac like cells called asci.
Class 1 Ascomycetes- divided into five sub classes:
Sub class 1. Hemiascomycetidae- comprising three orders.
Sub class 2. Plectomycetidae- Five orders
Sub class 3. Hymenoascomycetidae – Ten orders
Sub class 4 Laboulbeniomycetidae – Two orders
Sub class 5 Lowloascomycetidae – five orders
Sub division 3. Basidiomycotina
Septate mycelium, produces basidiospores, exogenously on various types of basidia.
Class 1 Basidiomycetes: it is split into 3 sub clases:
Sub class 1 Holobasidiomycetidae
Sub class 2 Phragmobasidiomycetidae
Sub class 3 Teliomycetidae
Sub division 4. Deuteromycotina
It includes imperfect fungi in which sexual stage is unknown. It comprises a single form class.
Form Class Deuteromycetes with three form sub classes namely Blastomycetidae, Coelomycetidae and Hyphomycetidae
Explanation: