which are the microbes that destroy the chemical pesticides in soil
Answers
Fungi, bacteria and protozoans are those microbes that destroy the chemical pesticides in soil.
There are different types of microbes as given below :bacteria. fungi. algae.protozoa.viruses.Mushrooms and toadstools are examples of fungi, but they are multi cellular.
So they are not considered as microbes. Yeasts are single-celled and considered as fungi, so they can be called as microbes.
Fungi are usually the biggest kind of microbe. If there is just a single of them, we call it a fungus.
Fungi include single-celled living organism that exists individually, like yeast, and multi cellular clusters, namely molds or mushrooms. Yeast cells look in round or oval-shaped when viewed under a microscope.
Answer:
1. Pesticides are substances used to prevent crops and destroy and mitigate the insects or pathogens.
2. They can be insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides.
3. Excessive use of these chemical pesticides causes microbial imbalance, environmental pollution, and health hazards.
4. Therefore, the degradation of chemical pesticides is essential.
5. ‘Biodegradation' refers to the breakdown of pesticides into smaller harmless forms by a living organism in soil, water, or air.
6. Biodegradation of chemical pesticides in the soil is carried out especially by worms, fungi, and bacteria as they use it as a food source.
7. Bacteria responsible for biodegradation are Flavobacterium, Azotobacter species, Pseudomonas, Acetobacter, Burkholderia, etc.
8. Some fungi like Aspergillus niger, penicillium, oxysporum, etc. can also degrade and detoxify pesticides.
The processes involved in biodegradation are :
Detoxification- Conversion of toxic components into compatible and less toxic forms.
Degradation- Breakdown of the complex substrate into simpler products.
Conjugation- Binding pesticides with metabolites like amino acid, sugar, or another molecule to make it less toxic.
Leaching: Removal of soluble toxins.
Note: If the process of biodegradation is not efficient then the incomplete breakdown of organic toxins may lead to the formation of more toxic byproducts