Which are the rock planets and which are the gas planets?
Answers
Rock planets are mercury, venus, earth, Mars.
Gas planets are jupiter, saturn.
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The solar system contains two kinds of planets. The first four, Mercury through Mars, are rocky or "terrestrial" planets. The outer four, Jupiter through Neptune, are gas or "Jovian" planets. While conditions on these planets can be very different from one another, each type of planet shares some similarities and offers its own set of challenges when it comes to exploration and observation.
Planet Formation
Planets form from the leftover material that exists around a new star. Close to the star, this material tends to be solid, and it results in rocky clumps that crash into each other and gradually accrete into discs and later spheres. Farther away, the star's accretion disc consists of lighter materials like frozen gases, so distant planets tend to form out of these materials. As the pressure increases with the planet's density, heat is generated, which thaws the gases and creates the distinctive thick atmospheres that typify gaseous planets.
Appearance and Composition
Terrestrial planets are different, but they all have certain similarities. Each has a solid surface and some form of atmosphere, although it may be extremely thin such as those around Mercury and Mars. Gas planets have no solid surface, but they may have a rocky core or one formed from gases pushed into a metallic state by the intense pressure deep within the planet. Gas giants also tend to collect rings of leftover material that orbit around the planet, and these can range from almost imperceptible, such as Jupiter's rings, to extremely dense and one of the most identifiable characteristics of the planet, as is the case with Saturn.