Physics, asked by kruby9646, 6 months ago

Which associations were formed between 1948 and 1951?

Answers

Answered by MayankRogye45

Answer:

HINDU-MUSLIM COMMUNAL RIOTS IN INDIA I (1947-1986)

India Pakistan

Date: 15 July, 2013

Auteur: Violette Graff Juliette Galonnier

By Violette Graff, Research Fellow (rtd.), CERI, SciencesPo.

Written in collaboration with Juliette Galonnier, PhD Student, SciencesPo and Northwestern University (Chicago).

INTRODUCTION

(Short biographical notices and background information are provided through hyperlinks for the most important personalities and organizations mentioned in the text that follows. The reader might refer to them for further understanding.)

All along the years when the fight for an independent India was at its peak, a number of Congress personalities, led by an already well-known leader - a brilliant man who hailed from the historically famous United Provinces (now Uttar Pradesh, UP) - Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, carried a dream: once India was freed from the British rule, a modern state would be built, a state that would see that its caste and communal ancestral traditions were forgotten. A secular state that would bring people together. A new Socialist order would be built. New Temples - i.e. heavy industries–would appear which would bring the new India into modernity (Parry and Struempell 2008). Some of these dreams would take shape indeed. However, the tragedies of the Partition and the violence which swept Northern India from 1946 to 1948 came as a shock and destroyed many illusions (for a historical background, see "India from 1900 to 1947" by Claude Markovits [2007] and for further details on the Partition violence, see "Thematic Chronology of Mass Violence in Pakistan, 1947–2007" by Lionel Baixas [2008])