Question

which compound /molecules has same ratio in mamalian as well as in bacteria cell 1 warer 2 inorgnic comound 3 organic compound 4 all

Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:

Cells are composed of water, inorganic ions, and carbon-containing (organic) molecules. Water is the most abundant molecule in cells, accounting for 70% or more of total cell mass. Consequently, the interactions between water and the other constituents of cells are of central importance in biological chemistry. The critical property of water in this respect is that it is a polar molecule, in which the hydrogen atoms have a slight positive charge and the oxygen has a slight negative charge (Figure 2.1). Because of their polar nature, water molecules can form hydrogen bonds with each other or with other polar molecules, as well as interacting with positively or negatively charged ions. As a result of these interactions, ions and polar molecules are readily soluble in water (hydrophilic). In contrast, nonpolar molecules, which cannot interact with water, are poorly soluble in an aqueous environment (hydrophobic). Consequently, nonpolar molecules tend to minimize their contact with water by associating closely with each other instead. As discussed later in this chapter, such interactions of polar and nonpolar molecules with water and with each other play crucial roles in the formation of biological structures, such as cell membranes.

Figure 2.1. Characteristics of water.

Characteristics of water. (A) Water is a polar molecule, with a slight negative charge (δ-) on the oxygen atom and a slightly positive charge (δ+) on the hydrogen atoms. Because of this polarity, water molecules can form hydrogen bonds (dashed (more...)

The inorganic ions of the cell, including sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), magnesium (Mg2+), calcium (Ca2+), phosphate (HPO42-), chloride (Cl-), and bicarbonate (HCO3-), constitute 1% or less of the cell mass. These ions are involved in a number of aspects of cell metabolism, and thus play critical roles in cell function.

It is, however, the organic molecules that are the unique constituents of cells. Most of these organic compounds belong to one of four classes of molecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Proteins, nucleic acids, and most carbohydrates (the polysaccharides) are macromolecules formed by the joining (polymerization) of hundreds or thousands of low-molecular-weight precursors: amino acids, nucleotides, and simple sugars, respectively. Such macromolecules constitute 80 to 90% of the dry weight of most cells. Lipids are the other major constituent of cells. The remainder of the cell mass is composed of a variety of small organic molecules, including macromolecular precursors. The basic chemistry of cells can thus be understood in terms of the structures and functions of four major classes of organic molecules.