Question

Which crops is grown in abundance in shaded area ?

Answer 1

Answer:

Increased cover of agricultural land-use, occurring mainly at the expense of natural habitats, and agricultural intensification are primary causes for the current biodiversity loss and degradation of ecosystem services (Foley et al. 2005). Decreasing biodiversity is likely to trigger a negative feedback on agricultural production, which could decrease agricultural yields in the long-term (Matson et al. 1997). A change towards more sustainable practices, including improved management of ecosystem services, is thus required (Bommarco et al. 2013).

Agroforestry is a land management practice whereby woody perennials are planted together with crops and/or livestock (Lundgren 1982). It can enhance several ecosystem services, including pest regulation (Schroth et al. 2000; Tscharntke et al. 2011; Pumariño et al. 2015; Kuyah et al. 2016). The increased habitat complexity in agroforestry plantations compared to monocultures has the potential to increase natural predator and parasitoid populations by providing shelter and alternative food sources (Landis et al. 2000). The dispersal of natural enemies through agricultural landscapes can also be affected by the presence, size, composition and spatial arrangement of agroforestry patches (Dunning et al. 1992). Many studies have shown that landscape complexity and presence of trees in agricultural habitats can improve regulation of specific pests (Bianchi et al. 2006; Tscharntke et al. 2011;