Question

Which factors in your opinion are responsible for the collapse of a mature
Harappan civilization?

Answer 1

Decline of Harappa Civilization:

Many historians opined that the main cause for the decline of Harappan Civilization was the invasion of Aryans. One such historian was Sir Morteemer Wheeler. He said that the invasions of Aryans is the main cause for the decline of Harappan Civilization. For the proof he showed 33 skeletons in Mohenjadaro. Later this theory was rejected by other scholars. They said that the skeletons were abonded in the city area. Other scholars opined that the occurrence of floods were the other causes for the decline of Harappan Civilization.

Other factors for the decline of Harappan Civilization were deforestation, ecological imbalances, decline in trade etc. However, many scholars at present believe that the decline of Harappan Civilization occured due to the Aryan invasions.

Some Important Facts about Harappan Civilization:

• The Harappan Civilization dated between 2600BC - 1600 BC.

• It is one of the oldest civilizations in the world.

• Harappan Civilization is also known as "Indus valley civilization" because most of the settlements were around Indus valley.

• The first place which was excavated in this civilization was Harappa, thus it is named as Harappan Civilization

• This civilization was contemporary to the Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations.

• Harappan Civilization covered the states like Gujarat, North West Frontier, Rajasthan, Uttarpradesh, Maharashtra etc.

• The excavations in this civilization were carried out by Archaeological survey of India.

• Important features of this civilization were Great Bath, Drainage system, Granaries etc.

Answer 2

$\huge\mathfrak\green{Heyaa!!!}$

$\huge\mathfrak\red{Answer:-}$

Let us first try to understand what Harappan Civilization actually was.

Harappan Civilization:

☆It was a bronze age Civilization which took place in the northwestern regions of south Asia.

☆It was one of the old Civilizations.

☆Harappa was a city in the Indus civilization that flourished around 2600 to 1700 B.C.E. in the western part of South Asia.

Factors responsible for the collapse of Harappan Civilization:

☆The harappan Civilization began to decline from 1750 BCE.

☆Floods were the main reason for declination of Harappan Civilization.

☆The city of Mohenjadaro became weak under the pressure of population.

☆There was an influx of refugees into the city.

☆At Mohenjadaro rooms were divided and street plans were not followed.

☆Expansion of neighbouring desert increased the salinity of the soil and decreased its fertility.