Which gas will effuse faster ammonia or carbon dioxide? And why?
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1. Diffusion depends on several factors namely temperature,density and concentration.
2. Density for Ammonia(gas) at STP is 0.73 kg/m3 and for Carbon dioxide is 1.98 kg/m3.
3. Thus,as CO2 will diffuse faster due to higher density as compared to NH3.
4. Relative Rate of Diffusion :
rNH3rCO2 = mCO2√mNH3√=17.044−−−√=
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According to Graham's Law of Effusion,
Rate of Effusion of gas 1 / Rate of Effusion of gas 2 = √ ( Molar mass of gas 2 / Molar mass of Gas 1)
Which means that rate of Effusion of the gas is inversely proportional to the root of molar mass of the same gas.
Which means that, higher the molar mass of gas, slower will be the rate of Effusion.
So,
since CO2 has higher molar mass than molar mass of NH3 , rate of Effusion of NH3 will be faster than the rate of Effusion of CO2.
Rate of Effusion of gas 1 / Rate of Effusion of gas 2 = √ ( Molar mass of gas 2 / Molar mass of Gas 1)
Which means that rate of Effusion of the gas is inversely proportional to the root of molar mass of the same gas.
Which means that, higher the molar mass of gas, slower will be the rate of Effusion.
So,
since CO2 has higher molar mass than molar mass of NH3 , rate of Effusion of NH3 will be faster than the rate of Effusion of CO2.
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√(1/32): √(1/17) :√(1/28) :√(1/44).
The fastest diffusing gas will be AMMONIA.
The slowest diffusing gas will be CO2.
The diffusion rate will be in the order.
NH3 > N2 > O2 > CO2.