Which is more acidic o-nitrophenol and p-nitrophenol?
Answers
Whenever charge on an ion increases it gains stability due to which acidity increases.
Electron donating group decreases the acidity of phenol while electron withdrawing group increases the acidity of phenol.
Nitro group is an electron withdrawing group.
More the number of withdrawing groups attached with the benzene ring, greater will be the acidity of the benzene ring.
In both o-nitrophenol and p-nitrophenol both resonance effect and inductive effect are used.
In o-nitrophenol nitro group and hydroxyl groups are at minimum distance from each other. Hydrogen of hydroxyl group and oxygen of nitro group form hydrogen bonding with each other due to which loss of hydrogen becomes difficult as a result acidity of o-nitro phenol is decreased.
On the other hand the nitro group and hydroxyl group of p-nitrophenol are at maximum distance from each other so loss of hydrogen is easy.
So we can say that the acidity of p-nitrophenol is more than the acidity of o-nitrophenol.
Explanation:
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