Which is more reactive to sodium metal an alcohol or and alkanoic acid and why?
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a small piece of sodium is dropped into ethanol, it reacts steadily to give off bubbles of hydrogen gas and leaves a colorless solution of sodium ethoxide:
C
H
3
C
H
2
ONa
CH3CH2ONa
. The anion component is an alkoxide.
2C
H
3
C
H
2
O
H
(l)
+2N
a
(s)
→2C
H
3
C
H
2
O
−
(aq)
+2N
a
+
(aq)
+
H
2(g)
(1.1.1)
(1.1.1)2CH3CH2OH(l)+2Na(s)→2CH3CH2O(aq)−+2Na(aq)++H2(g)
If the solution is evaporated carefully to dryness, then sodium ethoxide (
C
H
3
C
H
2
ONa
CH3CH2ONa
) is left behind as a white solid. Although initially this appears as something new and complicated, in fact, it is exactly the same (apart from being a more gentle reaction) as the reaction between sodium and water - something you have probably known about for years.
2
H
2
O
(l)
+2N
a
(s)
→2O
H
−
(aq)
+2N
a
+
(aq)
+
H
2(g)
(1.1.2)
(1.1.2)2H2O(l)+2Na(s)→2OH(aq)−+2Na(aq)++H2(g)
If the solution is evaporated carefully to dryness, then the sodium hydroxide (
NaOH
NaOH
) is left behind as a white solid.
We normally, of course, write the sodium hydroxide formed as
NaOH
NaOH
rather than
HONa
HONa
- but that's the only difference. Sodium ethoxide is just like sodium hydroxide, except that the hydrogen has been replaced by an ethyl group. Sodium hydroxide contains
O
H
−
OH−
ions; sodium ethoxide contains
C
H
3
C
H
2
O
−
CH3CH2O−
ions.
C
H
3
C
H
2
ONa
CH3CH2ONa
. The anion component is an alkoxide.
2C
H
3
C
H
2
O
H
(l)
+2N
a
(s)
→2C
H
3
C
H
2
O
−
(aq)
+2N
a
+
(aq)
+
H
2(g)
(1.1.1)
(1.1.1)2CH3CH2OH(l)+2Na(s)→2CH3CH2O(aq)−+2Na(aq)++H2(g)
If the solution is evaporated carefully to dryness, then sodium ethoxide (
C
H
3
C
H
2
ONa
CH3CH2ONa
) is left behind as a white solid. Although initially this appears as something new and complicated, in fact, it is exactly the same (apart from being a more gentle reaction) as the reaction between sodium and water - something you have probably known about for years.
2
H
2
O
(l)
+2N
a
(s)
→2O
H
−
(aq)
+2N
a
+
(aq)
+
H
2(g)
(1.1.2)
(1.1.2)2H2O(l)+2Na(s)→2OH(aq)−+2Na(aq)++H2(g)
If the solution is evaporated carefully to dryness, then the sodium hydroxide (
NaOH
NaOH
) is left behind as a white solid.
We normally, of course, write the sodium hydroxide formed as
NaOH
NaOH
rather than
HONa
HONa
- but that's the only difference. Sodium ethoxide is just like sodium hydroxide, except that the hydrogen has been replaced by an ethyl group. Sodium hydroxide contains
O
H
−
OH−
ions; sodium ethoxide contains
C
H
3
C
H
2
O
−
CH3CH2O−
ions.
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