Which is most effective againts nausea and vomiting associated with surgery and travel sickness?
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PONV is more prevalent in females compared with males (3:1). Sex is a strong predictor of PONV but there is no clear cut rationalization.4,10,17
2.
History of motion sickness or PONV plays an important role. Patients with a history of migraine also have increased susceptibility to PONV.18
3.
Nonsmokers have depleted stores of dopamine compared with smokers whereas indirect γ-aminobutyric acid-mediated cerebral dopamine levels are increased due to nicotine. Reduced activation of dopaminergic circuits in the CRTZ is responsible for the increased incidence of PONV in nonsmokers and in patients with nicotine withdrawal in the perioperative period.18
4.
Postoperative opioids increase the incidence of PONV in a dose-dependent manner19 and this effect lasts as long as opioids are used for pain.13
5.
The most likely causes of PONV are volatile anesthetics, nitrous oxide, and postoperative opioids.14,20 The effect of volatile anesthetics on PONV is dose-dependent and particularly prominent in the first 2–6 h after surgery. Recent evidence has shown nonsignificant difference in PONV when inhalational anesthetics like sevoflurane, isoflurane, enflurane, and desflurane were compared.14 Use of nitrous oxide enhanced the emetogenic effect of inhalational agents thus adding the incidence of PONV.21
I hope it helps you
_______________
___________________
here is your answer :-
PONV is more prevalent in females compared with males (3:1). Sex is a strong predictor of PONV but there is no clear cut rationalization.4,10,17
2.
History of motion sickness or PONV plays an important role. Patients with a history of migraine also have increased susceptibility to PONV.18
3.
Nonsmokers have depleted stores of dopamine compared with smokers whereas indirect γ-aminobutyric acid-mediated cerebral dopamine levels are increased due to nicotine. Reduced activation of dopaminergic circuits in the CRTZ is responsible for the increased incidence of PONV in nonsmokers and in patients with nicotine withdrawal in the perioperative period.18
4.
Postoperative opioids increase the incidence of PONV in a dose-dependent manner19 and this effect lasts as long as opioids are used for pain.13
5.
The most likely causes of PONV are volatile anesthetics, nitrous oxide, and postoperative opioids.14,20 The effect of volatile anesthetics on PONV is dose-dependent and particularly prominent in the first 2–6 h after surgery. Recent evidence has shown nonsignificant difference in PONV when inhalational anesthetics like sevoflurane, isoflurane, enflurane, and desflurane were compared.14 Use of nitrous oxide enhanced the emetogenic effect of inhalational agents thus adding the incidence of PONV.21
I hope it helps you
_______________
___________________
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