Question

which is used to convert unpolarized light into polarized light?
1) Nicol prism
2) calcite prism
3) tourmalstal
4) none of these
​

Answer 1

Answer:

1) Nicol prism

refractive index of Nicol prism (n) = 1.550

ne = 1.486

Explanation:

A Nicol crystal is a kind of polarizer, an optical gadget produced using calcite crystal used to deliver and investigate plane-energized light. It is made so that it eliminates one of the beams by absolute inside reflection, for example, the normal beam is wiped out and just the remarkable beam is sent through the crystal. It was the primary kind of polarizing crystal, imagined in 1828 by William Nicol (1770-1851) of Edinburgh. It comprises of a rhombohedral precious stone of Iceland fight (an assortment of calcite) that has been cut at a point of 68° concerning the gem hub, cut again slantingly, and afterward rejoined as displayed, involving a layer of straightforward Canada resin as a glue.

An unpolarized light beam enters through the left essence of the gem, as displayed in the outline, and is parted into two symmetrically energized, diversely coordinated beams by the birefringence property of calcite. The customary beam, or o-beam, encounters a refractive file of no = 1.658 in the calcite and goes through an all-out inside reflection at the calcite-stick interface because the its point of rate at the paste layer surpasses the basic plot for the connection point. It passes out the top side of the upper portion of the crystal with some refraction, as displayed. The uncommon beam, or e-beam, encounters a lower refractive file in the calcite gem and isn't reflected at the connection point since it strikes the connection point at a sub-basic point. The e-beam just goes through slight refraction, or bowing, as it goes through the connection point into the lower half of the crystal. It, at last, leaves the crystal as a beam of plane-spellbound light, going through another refraction, as it leaves the extreme right half of the crystal. The two leaving beams have polarizations symmetrical to one another, yet the lower, or e-beam, is the more usually utilized for additional trial and error since it is again going in the first flat heading, accepting that the calcite crystal points have been appropriately cut. The course of the upper beam, or o-beam, is very unique about its unique bearing since it alone experiences absolute inner reflection at the paste interface, as well as conclusive refraction on exit from the upper side of the crystal. Nicol crystals were once generally utilized in mineralogical microscopy and polarimetry.

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Answer 2

Answer:

The Nicol prism is used to convert unpolarized light into polarized light i.e.option(1).

Explanation:

First, let's understand the difference between polarized light and unpolarized light.

• Electric fields in polarised light oscillate in one direction, but they do so in all directions in unpolarized light.
• The light that has been polarised is coherent, but the light that has not been polarised is incoherent.
• The type of polarisation being employed determines the intensity of polarised light, whereas the type of source determines the intensity of unpolarized light.

A pair of calcite (CaCO3) crystals have adhered together with Canada balsam, a yellowish liquid generated from fir trees with a refractive index close to that of glass, to create the Nicol prism, which bears William Nicol's name. Used to obtain plane polarised light and as an adhesive for optical instruments as well as for mounting microscopic slides. The technology allows for the passage of extraterrestrial light, but the interface between the two crystals completely reflects regular light.

So, the Nicol prism is used to convert unpolarized light into polarized light i.e.option(1).

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