Question

which makes sugar and starch is through photosynthesis

Answer 1

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Answer 2

Plant photosynthesis and energy creation are complex processes involving carbon dioxide, water and sunlight, facilitated by multiple enzymes to create the basic sugar called glucose. Much of the glucose plants produce is immediately metabolized into different forms of energy that plants use to grow and reproduce. The portions of glucose that are not immediately converted to energy are converted to complex sugar compounds, called starches. These are produced after the photosynthesis cycle. Plants then store starches for future energy needs or use them to build new tissues.

Plants are photoautotrophs. Unlike humans and animals, they create their own energy from sunlight and naturally occurring organic compounds. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use light energy to create glucose by reacting this energy, in the form of electrons, with water and carbon dioxide in cell membranes. Glucose is then used during cellular metabolism in plant tissues to create energy. When sunlight is ample, plants often create more glucose than is needed for immediate metabolism and store it in starches.

Plants store starches in a variety of ways. Starch molecules are enormous when compared to other simple molecules, often containing thousands of bonded sugars. Photosynthesis is carried out in plant cells and requires two distinct processes known as light dependent and light independent reactions. Both most occur for glucose to be synthesized. Thus, plants build starches only after the metabolic processes of photosynthesis. Enzymes bond glucose molecules into more complex sugars that form starches.


Plants create, use and store starches for many purposes, but the two major ones are cellulose synthesis and energy storage. Cellulose is the primary component of plant cell walls, providing structural support and preventing cell damage. Many ruminant animals like cows, goats and sheep, have evolved mechanisms for digesting cellulose. Humans cannot digest cellulose. We must consume the starches stored in grains, cereals, fruit and vegetable tissues. These starches are the ones stored by plants for cellular energy and reproduction.


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