which measurement are needed to calculate the density of a irregular solid
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D = M/V. If you don't know V then you have to compare the density of the unknown to that of a known density, e.g. water.
Call the density of the object Do and the density of water Dwater. The weight of the object in air is then Mair = Do * V. The weight of the object in water is Mwater = (Do - Dwater) * V.
Dividing one equation by the other the volume V cancels out and the ratio of the two measurements is Mair/Mwater = Do/(Do - Dwater). Using the value of Dwater as 1 gram per cubic centimeter you can easily solve this equation for the density of the object Do
OR
Take some water, enough to submerge your object. Mark the level of the water. As the object goes into the water, it will force the water up in the container. Mark the level of the water when the object is completely under.
Now take the object out. You can pour water in from a measuring cup (say one marked in liters) to see how much is needed to fill from the lower mark to the upper mark. That volume is the same as the object's volume.
Call the density of the object Do and the density of water Dwater. The weight of the object in air is then Mair = Do * V. The weight of the object in water is Mwater = (Do - Dwater) * V.
Dividing one equation by the other the volume V cancels out and the ratio of the two measurements is Mair/Mwater = Do/(Do - Dwater). Using the value of Dwater as 1 gram per cubic centimeter you can easily solve this equation for the density of the object Do
OR
Take some water, enough to submerge your object. Mark the level of the water. As the object goes into the water, it will force the water up in the container. Mark the level of the water when the object is completely under.
Now take the object out. You can pour water in from a measuring cup (say one marked in liters) to see how much is needed to fill from the lower mark to the upper mark. That volume is the same as the object's volume.
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