which method is safe to control weed? and why?
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Pulling out the weeds by hand is the best way for weeding since it does not harm the useful crops like the weedicides.
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Broadly classified in two groups:
A)Preventive Measures.
B) Curative or Control Measures which includes:
i. Mechanical
ii.Cropping or Cultural
iii.Biological &
iv.Chemical
A) Preventive Measures: In this, the weeds are prevented from its multiplication, introduction & nipped off the buds. It consists of:
1) Use clean seed,
2) Use well decomposed FYM/Compost,
3) Cut the weeds before seeding,
4) Remove weed growth or keep irrigation & drainage channels clean or free from seeds,
5) Avoid feeding of grain screenings, hay or fodder containing weed seeds without destroying their viability by grinding or cooking,
6) Avoid use of sand or soil from weed infested areas to clean or cultivated areas,
7) Avoid allowing castles to move from weed infested areas to clean or cultivated areas,
8) Clean all the farm implements & machinery properly after their use in infested areas & before using in clean areas,
9) Keep farm fences, roads & bunds clean or free from weeds.
10) Watch seedlings in nurseries carefully so that they do not get mixed with weed seedlings & get carried to the fields.
B) Curative Measures: These measures are followed to remove or to smother the weed growth & further multiplication. It includes:
i) Mechanical methods (Physical): It comprises:
1) Hand pulling;
2) Hand weeding;
3) Burning;
4) Flooding;
5) Hoeing;
6) Tillage;
7) Moving;
8) Smothering with non-living material (mulching). Burning of seed bed is called as ‘rabbing’.
ii) Cropping and competition methods (Cultural): “One who establish first/early, will suppress other.” Therefore, the cultural practices are so managed that the crop plants should establish early and grow faster ahead of the weeds.
It includes:
1) Crop roations: It checks the free growth of weed due to change of crops season to season.
2) Kind of crop: Groundnut covering crops like legumes will smother the weed growth. E.g.: sun hemp, groundnut.
3) Use of fertilizers: Application of optimum doses of fertilizers to crop will help to grow faster.
4) Date & rate of planting or sowing: Sowing of crops at proper time with optimum seed rate will help the crop to cover the ground & will make the weeds deprive of light.
iii) Biological methods: It includes the use of living organisms for suppressing or controlling the weeds. Plant, animal or micro organisms may be used for destruction of weeds. These are called as bioagents.
iv) Chemical methods: This is very effective in certain cases and has a great scope provided the chemicals are cheap, efficient & easily available.
A)Preventive Measures.
B) Curative or Control Measures which includes:
i. Mechanical
ii.Cropping or Cultural
iii.Biological &
iv.Chemical
A) Preventive Measures: In this, the weeds are prevented from its multiplication, introduction & nipped off the buds. It consists of:
1) Use clean seed,
2) Use well decomposed FYM/Compost,
3) Cut the weeds before seeding,
4) Remove weed growth or keep irrigation & drainage channels clean or free from seeds,
5) Avoid feeding of grain screenings, hay or fodder containing weed seeds without destroying their viability by grinding or cooking,
6) Avoid use of sand or soil from weed infested areas to clean or cultivated areas,
7) Avoid allowing castles to move from weed infested areas to clean or cultivated areas,
8) Clean all the farm implements & machinery properly after their use in infested areas & before using in clean areas,
9) Keep farm fences, roads & bunds clean or free from weeds.
10) Watch seedlings in nurseries carefully so that they do not get mixed with weed seedlings & get carried to the fields.
B) Curative Measures: These measures are followed to remove or to smother the weed growth & further multiplication. It includes:
i) Mechanical methods (Physical): It comprises:
1) Hand pulling;
2) Hand weeding;
3) Burning;
4) Flooding;
5) Hoeing;
6) Tillage;
7) Moving;
8) Smothering with non-living material (mulching). Burning of seed bed is called as ‘rabbing’.
ii) Cropping and competition methods (Cultural): “One who establish first/early, will suppress other.” Therefore, the cultural practices are so managed that the crop plants should establish early and grow faster ahead of the weeds.
It includes:
1) Crop roations: It checks the free growth of weed due to change of crops season to season.
2) Kind of crop: Groundnut covering crops like legumes will smother the weed growth. E.g.: sun hemp, groundnut.
3) Use of fertilizers: Application of optimum doses of fertilizers to crop will help to grow faster.
4) Date & rate of planting or sowing: Sowing of crops at proper time with optimum seed rate will help the crop to cover the ground & will make the weeds deprive of light.
iii) Biological methods: It includes the use of living organisms for suppressing or controlling the weeds. Plant, animal or micro organisms may be used for destruction of weeds. These are called as bioagents.
iv) Chemical methods: This is very effective in certain cases and has a great scope provided the chemicals are cheap, efficient & easily available.
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