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which microbe exist freely

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Microorganism

"Microbe" redirects here. For other uses, see Microbe (disambiguation).



A cluster of Escherichia coli bacteriamagnified 10,000 times

A microorganism, or microbe,[a] is a microscopic organism, which may exist in its single-celled form or in a colony of cells.

The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from 6th century BC India and the 1st century BC book On Agriculture by Marcus Terentius Varro. Microbiology, the scientific study of microorganisms, began with their observation under the microscopein the 1670s by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. In the 1850s, Louis Pasteur found that microorganisms caused food spoilage, debunking the theory of spontaneous generation. In the 1880s Robert Kochdiscovered that microorganisms caused the diseases tuberculosis, cholera and anthrax.

Microorganisms include all unicellular organisms and so are extremely diverse. Of the three domains of life identified by Carl Woese, all of the Archaea and Bacteria are microorganisms. These were previously grouped together in the two domain systemas Prokaryotes, the other being the eukaryotes. The third domain Eukaryotaincludes all multicellular organisms and many unicellular protists and protozoans. Some protists are related to animals and some to green plants. Many of the multicellular organisms are microscopic, namely micro-animals, some fungi and some algae, but these are not discussed here.

They live in almost every habitat from the poles to the equator, deserts, geysers, rocksand the deep sea. Some are adapted to extremes such as very hot or very cold conditions, others to high pressure and a few such as Deinococcus radiodurans to high radiation environments. Microorganisms also make up the microbiota found in and on all multicellular organisms. A December 2017 report stated that 3.45 billion year old Australian rocks once contained microorganisms, the earliest direct evidence of life on Earth.[1][2]

Microbes are important in human culture and health in many ways, serving to ferment foods, treat sewage, produce fuel, enzymesand other bioactive compounds. They are essential tools in biology as model organismsand have been put to use in biological warfareand bioterrorism. They are a vital component of fertile soils. In the human bodymicroorganisms make up the human microbiota including the essential gut flora. They are the pathogens responsible for many infectious diseases and as such are the target of hygiene measures.

Discovery

Classification and structure

Ecology

Applications

Human health

See also

Notes

References

External links

Last edited 7 days ago by Verbum Veritas



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Answer 2

the currency of energy produced in a cell is known as ATP (Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) : -It is an ester of adenosine and triphosphoric acid, C10H12N5O4H4P3O9 , formed especially aerobically by the reaction of ADP and an orthophosphate during oxidation, or by the interaction of ADP and phosphocreatine or certain other substrates, and serving as a source of energy for physiological reactions, especially muscle contraction.)