Which microbes are they destroye chemical pesticide?
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Fungi, bacteria, protozoans, insects, worms destroy chemical pesticides in soil that cause human health problems and environmental problems.
Pesticides reaching the soil are acted upon by several physical, chemical, and biological forces. However, physical and chemical forces are acting upon/degrading the pesticides to some extent, microorganism’s plays major role in the degradation of pesticides. Many soil microorganisms have the ability to act upon pesticides and convert them into simpler non-toxic compounds. This process of degradation of pesticides and conversion into non-toxic compounds by microorganisms is known as “biodegradation”.
The chemical reactions leading to biodegradation of pesticides fall into several broad categories...
DetoxificationDegradation. e.g. Thirum (fungicide) is degraded by a strain of Pseudomonas and the degradation products are dimethlamine, proteins, sulpholipaids, etc.ConjugationActivationChanging the spectrum of toxicity
Fungi like Aspergillus fumigatus, A. niger, A. terreus, Absidia and Rhizopus microsporus var corymberifera microsporis are noted for their ability to degrade the herbicide metribuzin in liquid medium.
Research showed that the species Botrytis cinerea could eliminate the linuron and metroburon herbicides almost com pletely, and other 31 isolated species also could eliminate metroburon. The fungi Trichoderma viridae ‘s ability in the endosulfan and methyl parathion pesticides degradation is well known. Experiments have been demonstrated the efficiency of the bacterium Rhodococcus sp. to degrade triazines to nitrate. After microbial action this compound was transformed into nitrite (30%), nitrous oxide (3.2%), ammonia (10%) and formaldehyde (27%). Several bacterial genera are adapted to grow in pesticide contaminated soils. These microorganisms have enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of P-O, P-F, P-S and P-C bonds, which are found in a wide variety of organophosphorus pesticides. Some bacteria isolated from the soil are capable of degrading pesticides as ethyl-parathion and methyl-parathion.
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Fungi, bacteria, protozoans, insects, worms destroy chemical pesticides in soil that cause human health problems and environmental problems.
Pesticides reaching the soil are acted upon by several physical, chemical, and biological forces. However, physical and chemical forces are acting upon/degrading the pesticides to some extent, microorganism’s plays major role in the degradation of pesticides. Many soil microorganisms have the ability to act upon pesticides and convert them into simpler non-toxic compounds. This process of degradation of pesticides and conversion into non-toxic compounds by microorganisms is known as “biodegradation”.
The chemical reactions leading to biodegradation of pesticides fall into several broad categories...
DetoxificationDegradation. e.g. Thirum (fungicide) is degraded by a strain of Pseudomonas and the degradation products are dimethlamine, proteins, sulpholipaids, etc.ConjugationActivationChanging the spectrum of toxicity
Fungi like Aspergillus fumigatus, A. niger, A. terreus, Absidia and Rhizopus microsporus var corymberifera microsporis are noted for their ability to degrade the herbicide metribuzin in liquid medium.
Research showed that the species Botrytis cinerea could eliminate the linuron and metroburon herbicides almost com pletely, and other 31 isolated species also could eliminate metroburon. The fungi Trichoderma viridae ‘s ability in the endosulfan and methyl parathion pesticides degradation is well known. Experiments have been demonstrated the efficiency of the bacterium Rhodococcus sp. to degrade triazines to nitrate. After microbial action this compound was transformed into nitrite (30%), nitrous oxide (3.2%), ammonia (10%) and formaldehyde (27%). Several bacterial genera are adapted to grow in pesticide contaminated soils. These microorganisms have enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of P-O, P-F, P-S and P-C bonds, which are found in a wide variety of organophosphorus pesticides. Some bacteria isolated from the soil are capable of degrading pesticides as ethyl-parathion and methyl-parathion.
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algae.protozoa.viruses.Mushrooms and toadstools are examples of fungi, but they are multi cellular. So they are not considered as microbes. Yeasts are single-celled and considered as fungi, so they can be called as microbes. Fungi are usually the biggest kind of microbe.
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