which of the challenges were faced by India in the first phase of its foreign policy
Answers
Recently, the External Affairs Minister of India delivered the 4th Ramnath Goenka Memorial Lecture on Indian foreign policy.
Key Highlights
The very structure of the international order is undergoing a profound transformation. This can be attributed by various geopolitical events.
USA's unilateralism under America First policy.
Re-balancing of the global economy: The rise of China, India etc.
Return of old empires: Resurgence of Russia, Iran or Turkey.
Geopolitical Flux in the Middle East: Crisis in Syria & Afghanistan, Reign of terrorism by Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS).
Africa which was earlier called the lost continent is now being called as the continent of hope.
Technology, connectivity and trade are now the new notions of power.
Climate change is a factor, contributing to geopolitics amongst others by the opening of an Arctic passage (a sea route from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic ocean, through the Arctic Ocean).
Answer:
Indian foreign policy can be understood by dividing it into six broad phases:
The first phase (1947-62): Optimistic Non-Alignment
This period is marked with a setting of a bipolar world, with camps led by the United States and the USSR.
India’s objectives in this phase were to resist dilution of its sovereignty, rebuild its economy and consolidate its integrity.
India was one of the first countries to be decolonized. Thus, it was natural for India to lead Asia and Africa in a quest for a more equitable world order.
In pursuit of this, India played a critical role in the establishment of the Non-Alignment Movement (NAM) (1961), which marked the peak of Third World solidarity.
However, the 1962 conflict with China not only brought this period to an end but in a manner that significantly damaged India’s standing on NAM.
Explanation:
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