Which of the following are
invariant under Lorentz
transformations?
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Answer:
A simple Lorentz scalar in Minkowski spacetime is the spacetime distance ("length" of their difference) of two fixed events in spacetime. While the "position"-4-vectors of the events change between different inertial frames, their spacetime distance remains invariant under the corresponding Lorentz transformation.
Explanation:
A different inertial observer gets different values E and p for energy and momentum, but the formula will give them the same value for the rest energy of the particle. Therefore the rest energy of the particle, m0c2 is a Lorentz invariant quantity.
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