Question

which of the following features are formed by river​

Answer 1

Answer:

elictaracity

water

EXPLANATION:

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Answer 2

Features formed by a river in the upper course

River Capture

This is also known as river beheading or river piracy. Its development is dependant on the different rate of headward erosion (back-cutting) into a divide. For example – if one side of the divide has more gradient or receives more precipitation than the other, the process given below will follow.

Stream A will cut back more rapidly than stream B. Its higher erosive power will result in enlarging its basin at the expense of weaker stream.

Stream A will break through the divide and capture stream B.

The bend at which the piracy or capturing occurred is called elbow of capture. The beheaded stream is called the misfit.

The valley below the elbow is known as a wind gap and are often used a road or rail route.

Example – The Irrawaddy river captures the upper Sittang region in Burma.

In Northumberland, England, the Blyth and the Wansbeck are beheaded by the North Tyne.

Rapids, waterfalls and cataracts

Although these features can be seen in other parts of the river course too but these are most prominently seen in the upper part of the river course due to abrupt and frequent changes in gradient. The resistance is unequal due to the presence of hard and soft rock. The outcrop of a band of hard rock may cause a river to fall down or jump stream leading to the formation of rapids. The smaller falls of greater dimension are called cataracts. You will find five cataracts along the river Nile that hinder the smooth navigation. The sudden fall of the river from some height forms waterfall. These can be formed in many ways:

When a bar of resistant rocks lies transversely across a river valley. Example – Niagra falls in the U.S.A. It is about 162 m in height. Also, Kaieteur falls in Guyana which around 825 high.

When fault line scarp formed by faulting lies across the river. Example – River Zambezi forms the Victoria falls of 360 feet.

When water plunges down the edge of a plateau. Example – River Congo which leaps for 900 feet through a series of more than thirty rapids as Livingstone Falls.

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