Question

which of the following is the correct reason of the increase in the seeds of maize crop in June September 2015

Answer 1

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the third important cereal crop in the world after wheat and rice with respect to area and production. India is the fifth largest producer of maize in the world, contributing 3% of the global production, though productivity is much lower (2.04 tha-1) (DES, 2010-11) than other potential maize growing countries like USA (10.34 t ha-1), Argentina (5.61 t ha-1) and China (5.35 t ha-1) (FAOSTAT, 2009). In the North Eastern Himalayan Region (EHR) of India, maize is the second most important crop, next to rice and is mostly grown under rainfed hilly upland conditions. In the region, maize production plays a significant role in ensuring food security and is used both for direct consumption and as well as for second cycle produce in piggery and poultry farming. The average productivity of maize in the region is very low (<1.5 t ha-1). InNEHR of Manipur, area under maize cultivation is 19,440 ha with a productivity of 2.29 Mt/ha (DES, 2010-11 and 2012-13). Among the several reasons for this low productivity, adoption of traditional low yielding genotypes susceptible to soil acidity induced fertility stresses like deficiency of phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and other micro-nutrients (Patiram, 2007) as well as erratic distribution of rainfall induced intermittent moisture stress in the rainfed upland condition (Choudhary et al., 2013) are some of the notable causes for low productivity in the region. In addition, the maize growers in the region are mostly belongs to resource poor small and marginal farmers. Small and fragmented land holdings, marginal farm mechanization due to high slope gradients across uplands and located sparsely, mostly away from settlements where connectivity is very poor causes hurdles in transportation of farm machinery and agricultural inputs. Despite high annual rainfall (>2000 mm) and rich in soil organic carbon content (Choudhury et al., 2013), occurrence of frequent dry spells in the coarse textured rain-fed upland soils with high runoff and soil erosions (>80 t ha-1) (Patiram, 2007) along the sloppy landscapes resulted in poor seed germination or drying up of seedlings which causes poor plant stand (density). Adoption of marginal to almost negligible external inputs in the form of fertilizers and other agrochemicals often compounded the abiotic and biotic stresses in the rainfed uplands with acid soils and causes further reduction in productivity. Therefore, successful maize production depends on the correct choice of genotypes and application of production inputs to sustain the environment as well as agricultural production. The success and level of profit from maize depend on the choice of maize genotypes (hybrids/composites) to be grown (Bourdillon et al., 2003).Timely availability of location specific suitable genotypes can provide a major breakthrough in production and productivity. High yielding varieties (HYV) of maize widely adopted in other parts of country, but in the NEHR, most of the farmers are growing low yielding local varieties, less adaptive to changing climate, particularly rainfall and temperature trend. The information 2 on interaction of phenology of HYVs and ambient temperature in maize performance under rainfed, acidic soils in the hilly ecosystem of NEHR is very important. It is anticipated that HYVs of maize with better management practices have immense potential to increase the existing production level by 2-3 times in the hilly ecosystem of NEHR.However, the suitability and performance of these genotypes under the agro-ecological condition of NEHR of India has been evaluated under Promoting improved technology of maize production among tribal farmers of Manipur.

Answer 2

june and september are the two months of planting within a year .during this two months there is rain .

Maize is among the cereals that is widely consumed by most people in the world

Africa depends on maize as their stable food .with increased population there is need for more growth and plantation of maize