Which of the following is the second law of thermodynamics for spontaneous processes?
Answers
Answer:
The second law of thermodynamics states that for any spontaneous process, the overall ΔS must be greater than or equal to zero; yet, spontaneous chemical reactions can result in a negative change in entropy.
This does not contradict the second law, however, since such a reaction must have a sufficiently large negative change in enthalpy (heat energy).
The increase in temperature of the reaction surroundings results in a sufficiently large increase in entropy, such that the overall change in entropy is positive.
That is, the ΔS of the surroundings increases enough because of the exothermicity of the reaction so that it overcompensates for the negative ΔS of the system.
Since the overall ΔS = ΔSsurroundings + ΔSsystem, the overall change in entropy is still positive.
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