Question

Which of the following protein targeting mechanisms is common for mitochondria
and chloroplast organelles ?​

Answer 1

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are surprisingly similar. Both are bounded by two membranes; chloroplasts contain, in addition, an internal membrane compartment  the thylakoids on which photosynthesis takes place . Both organelles use a proton-motive force and the same type of protein an F-class ATPase to synthesize ATP; they also contain similar types of electron-transport proteins. Growth and division of mitochondria and chloroplasts is not coupled to nuclear division. These organelles grow by the incorporation of proteins and lipids, a process that occurs continuously during the interphase period of the cell cycle. As the organelles increase in size, one or more daughters pinch off in a manner similar to the way in which bacterial cells grow and divide. Although the biogenesis of both organelles is similar in many respects, our discussion focuses on mitochondrial biogenesis, about which more is known.