which of the following situation involves newton's second law of motipn? a)A Force can stop a lighter object as well as heavier which are moving
A Force can accelerate a lighter object more easily than a heavier object
Which are moving
c) A force exerted by lighter object on collision with a heavier object results
in both the objects coming to a standstill
d) A force exerted by the escaping air from a balloon in the downward direction makes the balloon to go
upwards
A metal in which even iron can float is
d) manganese
Answers
Answer:
Newton’s First Law
Newton’s first law is commonly stated as:
An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion.
However, this is missing an important element related to forces. We could expand it by stating:
An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion at a constant speed and direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
By the time Newton came along, the prevailing theory of motion—formulated by Aristotle—was nearly two thousand years old. It stated that if an object is moving, some sort of force is required to keep it moving. Unless that moving thing is being pushed or pulled, it will simply slow down or stop. Right?
This, of course, is not true. In the absence of any forces, no force is required to keep an object moving. An object (such as a ball) tossed in the earth’s atmosphere slows down because of air resistance (a force). An object’s velocity will only remain constant in the absence of any forces or if the forces that act on it cancel each other out, i.e. the net force adds up to zero. This is often referred to as equilibrium. The falling ball will reach a terminal velocity (that stays constant) once the force of air resistance equals the force of gravity.
Diagram of two people blowing on pendulum
Diagram of two people blowing on pendulum
The pendulum doesn't move because all the forces cancel each other out (add up to a net force of zero)
In our ProcessingJS world, we could restate Newton’s first law as follows:
An object’s PVector velocity will remain constant if it is in a state of equilibrium.
Skipping Newton’s second law (arguably the most important law for our purposes) for a moment, let’s move on to the third law.
Newton’s Third Law
This law is often stated as:
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
This law frequently causes some confusion in the way that it is stated. For one, it sounds like one force causes another. Yes, if you push someone, that someone may actively decide to push you back. But this is not the action and reaction we are talking about with Newton’s third law.
Let’s say you push against a wall. The wall doesn’t actively decide to push back on you. There is no “origin” force. Your push simply includes both forces, referred to as an “action/reaction pair.”
A better way of stating the law might be:
Forces always occur in pairs. The two forces are of equal strength, but in opposite directions.
Now, this still causes confusion because it sounds like these forces would always cancel each other out. This is not the case. Remember, the forces act on different objects. And just because the two forces are equal, it doesn’t mean that the movements are equal (or that the objects will stop moving).
Try pushing on a stationary truck. Although the truck is far more powerful than you, unlike a moving one, a stationary truck will never overpower you and send you flying backwards. The force you exert on it is equal and opposite to the force exerted on your hands. The outcome depends on a variety of other factors. If the truck is a small truck on an icy downhill, you’ll probably be able to get it to move. On the other hand, if it’s a very large truck on a dirt road and you push hard enough (maybe even take a running start), you could injure your hand.
What if you pushed a truck while wearing roller skates?
A man pushing a truck while wearing roller skates
A man pushing a truck while wearing roller skates
Let's re-state Newton's third law for our ProcessingJS world:
If we calculate a PVector f that is a force of object A on object B, we must also apply the force—PVector.mult(f,-1);—that B exerts on object A.
We’ll see that in the world of ProcessingJS programming, we don’t always have to stay true to the above. Sometimes, such as in the case of gravitational attraction between bodies, we’ll want to model equal and opposite forces. Other times, such as when we’re simply saying, “Hey, there’s some wind in the environment,” we’re not going to bother to model the force that a body exerts back on the air. In fact, we’re not modeling the air at all! Remember, we are simply taking inspiration from the physics of the natural world, not simulating everything with perfect precision.
Newton's Second Law
And here we are at the most important law for the ProcessingJS programmer.
This law is traditionally stated as:
Force equals mass times acceleration.
Or:
\vec{F} = M\vec{A}
F
=M
A
F, with, vector, on top, equals, M, A, with, vector, on top
Why is this the most important law for us? Well, let’s write it a different way.
\vec{A} = \vec{F}/M
A
=
F
/M
Explanation:
Answer:
Answer is b) A force can accelerate a lighter object more easily than a heavier object.
Explanation:
Since,the formula of second law of motion is
F = m × a
since mass is constant, therefore
F is directly proportional to 'a'