Which of the following statements correctly describes the movement of
Lithium ions during discharge of a lithium-ion battery?
(a) From the positive graphite electrode to the negative electrode where they
Form a lithium compound
(b) From the negative electrode as part of a lithium compound to the positive
Graphite electrode
(C) From the positive electrode as part of a lithium compound to the negative
Graphite electrode
(d) From the negative graphite electrode to the positive electrode where they
Form a lithium compound
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
A lithium-ion battery or Li-ion battery is a type of rechargeable battery. Lithium-ion batteries are commonly used for portable electronics and electric vehicles and are growing in popularity for military and aerospace applications.[9] A prototype Li-ion battery was developed by Akira Yoshino in 1985, based on earlier research by John Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham, Rachid Yazami and Koichi Mizushima during the 1970s–1980s,[10][11][12] and then a commercial Li-ion battery was developed by a Sony and Asahi Kasei team led by Yoshio Nishi in 1991.[13]
In the batteries, lithium ions move from the negative electrode through an electrolyte to the positive electrode during discharge, and back when charging. Li-ion batteries use an intercalated lithium compound as the material at the positive electrode and typically graphite at the negative electrode. The batteries have a high energy density, no memory effect (other than LFP cells)[14] and low self-discharge. They can however be a safety hazard since they contain flammable electrolytes, and if damaged or incorrectly charged can lead to explosions and fires. Samsung was forced to recall Galaxy Note 7 handsets following lithium-ion fires,[15] and there have been several incidents involving batteries on Boeing 787s.
Chemistry, performance, cost and safety characteristics vary across types of lithium-ion batteries. Handheld electronics mostly use lithium polymer batteries (with a polymer gel as electrolyte), a lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO
2) cathode material, and a graphite anode, which together offer a high energy density.[16][17] Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO
4), lithium manganese oxide (LiMn
2O
4 spinel, or Li
2MnO
3-based lithium rich layered materials (LMR-NMC)), and lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (LiNiMnCoO
2 or NMC) may offer longer lives and may have better rate capability. Such batteries are widely used for electric tools, medical equipment, and other roles. NMC and its derivatives are widely used in electric vehicles.
Research areas for lithium-ion batteries include extending lifetime, increasing energy density, improving safety, reducing cost, and increasing charging speed,[18] among others. Research has been under way in the area of non-flammable electrolytes as a pathway to increased safety based on the flammability and volatility of the organic solvents used in the typical electrolyte. Strategies include aqueous lithium-ion batteries, ceramic solid electrolytes, polymer electrolytes, ionic liquids, and heavily fluorinated systems.
Answer:
Lithium ions move from the negative electrode to the positive electrode during discharge and back again during charging in a lithium-ion battery, also known as a Li-ion battery or Li-ion.
Explanation:
By moving ions back and forth between the electrode, lithium-ion batteries also function.
Ions move in one direction when they are being charged and in the other when they are being discharged.
A gel or polymer based on lithium serves as the electrolyte.
The lithium-ion rechargeable batteries that power electric vehicles, computers, and mobile phones are made up in large part of lithium.
Hence, the correct option is (d) from the negative graphite electrode to the positive electrode where they form a lithium compound.
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