Question

Which of the following statements is correct?
(A) Only internal energy is a state function but not work
(B) Only work is a state function but not internal energy
(C) Both internal energy and work are state functions
(D) Neither internal energy nor work is a state function​

Answer 1

Answer:

Internal energy is a state function but notify work.

Option A

ReAsOn :

The change in internal energy during a process depends only upon the initial state and final state while work depends upon the path followed.

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Answer 2

Answer:

Correct Option: (A) Only internal energy is a state function but not work.

Explanation:

The internal energy U is a single valued function of state variable of the thermodynamic system. This is the sum of the following form of energy;

• Kinetic energy due to translation, rotational and vibrational motion of the molecules.
• Potential energy due to inter-moleculer forces.
• Energy of electrons and nuclei.

These are system properties that only can depend on the state of the system.

• The change of internal energy ∆U only depends on the initial and final states of the system not on the path of change.

But in Thermodynamics process Work is a Path dependent function (In Isothermal, Isobaric, Isochoric, Cyclic process)

Except the Adiabatic process:

If a closed system is caused to change from initial to a final state by adiabatic process means only, then the work done on the system is same for all adiabatic paths connecting two states.