Question

which of the following statements is true a) girls are meant for marriage,not school. b) a women's place is in the home. c)boys and girls should be treated equally d)boys work harder than girls​

Answer 1

Answer:

Boys and girls should be treated equally

this statement is true

Here's your answer hope it helped u :)

Answer 2

Answer:

Abstract

Study goals were to identify family patterns of gender role attitudes, to examine the conditions under which these patterns emerged, and to assess the implications of gender attitude patterns for family conflict. Participants were mothers, fathers, and first- and second-born adolescents from 358 White, working and middle-class US families. Results of cluster analysis revealed three gender role attitude patterns: egalitarian parents and children, traditional parents and children, and a divergent pattern, with parents more traditional and children more egalitarian. Mixed-model ANOVAs indicated that these family patterns were related to socioeconomic status, parents' time spent in gendered household tasks and with children, and the gender constellation of the sibling dyad. The traditional family group reported the most family conflict.

Keywords: gender, family systems, socialization, child effects

Introduction

Although the importance of gender role attitudes in family dynamics has been of interest to researchers for several decades (e.g., Benin & Agostinelli, 1988; Ruble, Martin, & Berenbaum, 2006; Thompson & Walker, 1989), the gender role attitudes of family members—mothers, fathers, sisters and brothers—are typically studied in adults and children separately, or within single (i.e., marital or parent-child) dyads. This approach is likely to limit our understanding of the way in which family members' gender characteristics are connected. As proposed within a family systems perspective, families are composed of subsystems that are interrelated (Cox & Paley, 1997; Minuchin, 1985) and, as such, understanding of one subsystem in the family is incomplete if the processes that operate in other subsystems are not considered. The present study was intended to fill a gap in the literature on gender role attitudes and family dynamics. Using interview data on US families, we aimed: (1) to identify distinct family patterns of gender role attitudes of mothers, fathers, and two adolescent siblings using cluster analysis; (2) to explore the conditions under which different family patterns emerged, including family socioeconomic status (SES), parents' time spent on gendered household tasks, parents' time spent with children, and the sex constellation of sibling dyads; and (3) to assess the implications of family patterns of gender role attitudes for conflict between family members. We focused on gender role attitudes because of the extensive changes in gender ideologies within the US in recent decades (Fortin, 2005). We reasoned that sustained social change may differentially affect families and family members and thus give rise to distinct family patterns of gender role attitudes, with some families exhibiting more traditional attitudes, some exhibiting more egalitarian attitudes, some exhibiting similarity in attitudes within the family, and some exhibiting differences in attitudes within the family.

Gender Roles Attitudes of Family Members: Congruence and Incongruence

Our first goal was to identify family patterns of gender role attitudes. We used a cluster analysis approach which involves grouping units (families in our case) based on their similarities in multiple measures and which produces subgroups that maximize within-group similarities and between-group differences (Henry, Tolan, & Gorman-Smith, 2005). This pattern-analytic technique is exploratory in nature and involves few a priori assumptions about the structure of the resultant patterns (Whiteman & Loken, 2006). Within the family literature, efforts to identify types of families based on similarity and differences between family members are rare, and we found no prior research that explored family patterns of gender role attitudes. Thus we had no data to guide our predictions on what types of families would emerge. However, as we describe below, a review of literature on gender role attitudes and family systems theory, in general, suggested that, whereas some families may be characterized by congruence in attitudes across family members (e.g., all members are traditional or all are egalitarian), other families may be characterized by incongruence (i.e., some members are traditional and some are egalitarian).