which of the following substances is neighter acidic nor base? A) shampoo B) tomato juice C) detergent solution D) distilled water
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Acid, Bases and Salts
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TABLE OF CONTENT
TABLE OF CONTENT
5.1. ACIDS AND BASES
5.2. NATURAL INDICATORS AROUND US
5.3. NEUTRALISATION
5.4. NEUTRALISATIONS IN EVERYDAY LIFE
KEYWORDS
WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNT
EXTENDED LEARNING — ACTIVITIES AND PROJECTS
DO YOU KNOW?
DID YOU KNOW?
EXERCISE
We use in our daily life a large number of substances such as lemon, tamarind, common salt, sugar and vinegar. Do they have the same taste? Let us recall tastes of some edible substances listed in Table 1. If you have not tasted any of these substances taste it now and enter the result in Table 1.
CAUTION
Do not taste anything unless asked to do so.
Do not touch anything unless asked to do so.
Table 5.1
Substance Taste (sour/bitter/any other)
Lemon juice sour bitter any other
Orange juice sour bitter any other
Vinegar sour bitter any other
Curd sour bitter any other
Tamarind (imli) sour bitter any other
Sugar sour bitter any other
Common salt sour bitter any other
Amla sour bitter any other
Baking soda sour bitter any other
Grapes sour bitter any other
Unripe mango sour bitter any other
You find that some of these substances taste sour, some taste bitter,some taste sweet and some taste salty.
5.1. ACIDS AND BASES
Curd, lemon juice, orange juice and vinegar taste sour. These substances taste sour because they contain acids. The chemical nature of such substances is acidic. The word acid comes from the Latin word acere which means sour. The acids in these substances are natural acids.
What about baking soda? Does it also taste sour? If not, what is its taste? Since, it does not taste sour it means, that it has no acids in it. It is bitter in taste. If you rub its solution between fingers, it feels soapy. Substances like these whichare bitter in taste and feel soapy on touching are known as bases. The nature of such substances is said to be basic.
If we cannot taste every substance,how do we find its nature?
Special type of substances are used to test whether a substance is acidic or basic. These substances are known as indicators. The indicators change their colour when added to a solution containing an acidic or a basic substance. Turmeric, litmus, china rosepetals (Gudhal), etc., are some of the naturally occurring indicators.