Question

which of the following was not a common ideology of the dictators?
a) faith in totalitarian rule
b) one party one leader
c) faith in communism
d) Aggressive nationalism and imperialism
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Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:

Totalitarianism is a form of government and political system that prohibits all opposition parties, outlaws individual opposition to the state and its claims, and exercises an extremely high degree of control and regulation over public and private life. It is regarded as the most extreme and complete form of authoritarianism. In totalitarian states, political power is often held by autocrats, such as dictators and absolute monarchs, who employ all-encompassing campaigns in which propaganda is broadcast by state-controlled mass media in order to control the citizenry.[2] It remains a useful word but the old 1950s theory was considered to be outdated by the 1980s,[3] and is defunct among scholars.[4] The proposed concept gained prominent influence in Western anti-communist and McCarthyist political discourse during the Cold War era as a tool to convert pre-World War II anti-fascism into post-war anti-communism.[5][6][7][8][9]

As a political ideology in itself, totalitarianism is a distinctly modernist phenomenon, and it has very complex historical roots. Philosopher Karl Popper traced its roots to Plato, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's conception of the state, and the political philosophy of Karl Marx,[10] although Popper's conception of totalitarianism has been criticized in academia, and remains highly controversial.[11][12] Other philosophers and historians such as Theodor W. Adorno and Max Horkheimer trace the origin of totalitarian doctrines to the Age of Enlightenment, especially to the anthropocentrist idea that "Man has become the master of the world, a master unbound by any links to nature, society, and history."[13]

In the 20th century, the idea of absolute state power was first developed by Italian Fascists, and concurrently in Germany by a jurist and Nazi academic named Carl Schmitt during the Weimar Republic in the 1920s. Benito Mussolini, the founder of Italian Fascism, defined fascism as such: "Everything within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state." Schmitt used the term Totalstaat (lit. 'Total state') in his influential 1927 work titled The Concept of the Political, which described the legal basis of an all-powerful state.[14]

Totalitarian regimes are different from other authoritarian regimes, as the latter denotes a state in which the single power holder, usually an individual dictator, a committee, a military junta, or an otherwise small group of political elites, monopolizes political power.[15] A totalitarian regime may attempt to control virtually all aspects of social life, including the economy, the education system, arts, science, and the private lives and morals of citizens through the use of an elaborate ideology.[16] It can also mobilize the whole population in pursuit of its goals.[15]

Answer 2

c) faith in communism was not a common ideology of the dictators.

Explanation:

• Around half the individuals, counting individuals of the administering Communist Party and high-level government authorities, declared secularism.
• Dictators ordinarily resort to drive or extortion to pick up dictatorial political control, which they keep up through the utilize of terrorizing, dread, and the concealment of essential respectful freedoms.
• They may moreover utilize methods of mass publicity in arrange to support their open back.
• Religion and communism are incompatible, both hypothetically and for all intents and purposes.
• Every communist must regard social phenomena (the relationships between human beings, revolutions, wars, etc., as processes which occur in accordance with definite laws.